Process of making textured multicomponent fibers

ABSTRACT

A process for texturing a multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section is provided. The process comprises: (A) providing a multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least one water dispersible polymer; and a plurality of domains comprising one or more water non-dispersible polymers, wherein said domains are substantially isolated from each other by said water dispersible polymer intervening between said domains; and (B) passing the multicomponent fiber through a first zone comprising a first heating device and a twisting unit, wherein the first heating device has a heating temperature that is at least 10% less than the temperature used for a fiber without the water dispersible component having the same water non-dispersible polymer, same number of total filaments in the fiber, and the same total denier for a given type of equipment and process conditions.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is an original application claiming priority to theU.S. Provisional Application 62/654,938 filed on Apr. 9^(th), 2018, U.S.Provisional Application 62/783,335 filed on Dec. 21^(st), 2018, U.S.Provisional Application 62/783,339 filed on Dec. 21^(st), 2018, U.S.Provisional Application 62/783,358 filed on Dec. 21^(st), 2018, U.S.Provisional Application 62/783,364 filed on Dec. 21^(st), 2018, and U.S.Provisional Application 62/783,348 filed on Dec. 21^(st), 2018. Theforegoing applications are hereby incorporated by reference to theextent they do not contradict the statements herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains to multicomponent fibers comprising atleast one water non-dispersible synthetic polymer and at least one waterdispersible polymer; wherein the water dispersible polymer is present atthe perimeter of the outside cross-section of the multicomponent fiberin a proportion of no greater than 55% water dispersible polymer.Articles comprising the multicomponent fibers are also provided, as wellas, processes for making the multicomponent fibers, texturing themulticomponent fibers, and producing various fabrics comprising themulticomponent fibers.

BACKGROUND

The value of low denier filament (microfibers) for the textile industryfor specialty performance products is well known. The production of suchlow denier filament is challenging due to the handling of the very smallfibers. One method used to circumvent this challenge is to producemulticomponent fibers where a larger fiber is produced and formed into atextile and then part of that multicomponent fiber is removed in asecondary process that leaves only the small fibers in the textileproduct. In this invention, an improvement is made to thismulticomponent approach where the multicomponent fibers comprising theyarn are designed such that the removable component, which is watersoluble or water dispersible, is present at the perimeter of the outsidecross-section of the multicomponent fiber in a proportion of no greaterthan 55% water dispersible polymer. This improved multicomponent fiberhas better performance in downstream process steps and is more robust inthe spinning and handling operations.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided amulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section, said multicomponentfiber comprising:

-   -   (A) at least one water dispersible polymer; and    -   (B) a plurality of domains comprising one or more water        non-dispersible polymers, wherein the domains are substantially        isolated from each other by the water dispersible polymer        intervening between the domains; and        wherein the water dispersible polymer is present at the        perimeter of the outside cross-section of the multicomponent        fiber in a proportion of no greater than 55% water dispersible        polymer.

In another embodiment of the invention, there is provided amulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section, said multicomponentfiber comprising:

-   -   (A) at least one water dispersible polymer; and    -   (B) a plurality of domains comprising one or more water        non-dispersible polymers, wherein said domains are substantially        isolated from each other by said water dispersible polymer        intervening between said domains; and wherein said water        dispersible polymer is present at the perimeter of the outside        cross-section of said multicomponent fiber in a proportion of        not greater than 25% water dispersible polymer.

Articles produced from the multicomponent fiber are also provided,including wovens and nonwovens.

In another embodiment of this invention, a process of making amulticomponent fiber is provided. The process comprises spinning amulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section, the multicomponentfiber comprising:

-   -   (A) at least one water dispersible polymer; and    -   (B) a plurality of domains comprising one or more water        non-dispersible polymers, wherein the domains are substantially        isolated from each other by the water dispersible polymer        intervening between the domains; and

wherein the water dispersible polymer is present at the perimeter of theoutside cross-section of the multicomponent fiber in a proportion of nogreater than 55% water dispersible polymer.

In another embodiment, a process for texturing a multicomponent fiberhaving a shaped cross section is provided. The process comprises: (A)providing a multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and atleast one water dispersible polymer; and a plurality of domainscomprising one or more water non-dispersible polymers, wherein saiddomains are substantially isolated from each other by said waterdispersible polymer intervening between said domains; and (B) passingthe multicomponent fiber through a first zone comprising a first heatingdevice and a twisting unit, wherein the first heating device has aheating temperature that is at least 10% less than the temperature usedfor a fiber without the water dispersible component having the samewater non-dispersible polymer, same number of total filaments in thefiber, and the same total denier for a given type of equipment andprocess conditions.

In another embodiment of the invention, a process for texturing amulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section is provided. Theprocess comprises: (A) providing a multicomponent fiber having a shapedcross section and at least one water dispersible polymer; and aplurality of domains comprising one or more water non-dispersiblepolymers, wherein said domains are substantially isolated from eachother by said water dispersible polymer intervening between saiddomains; and (B) passing the multicomponent fiber through a first zonecomprising a heating device, a twisting unit and a cooling zone, whereinthe step of passing the multicomponent fiber through a first zonecomprises heating the multicomponent fiber, providing a twist to themulticomponent fiber and cooling the multicomponent fiber, and whereinthe first heating device has a heating temperature that is at least 10%less than the temperature used for a fiber without the water dispersiblecomponent having the same water non-dispersible polymer, same number oftotal filaments in the fiber, and the same total denier for a given typeof equipment and process conditions; and (C) optionally, passing thefiber through a second zone, wherein the second zone comprises a secondheating device.

In another embodiment of the invention, a process for texturing a fiberis provided. The process comprises: (A) providing a first fiber, whereinthe first fiber is a multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross sectionand at least one water dispersible polymer; and a plurality of domainscomprising one or more water non-dispersible polymers, wherein saiddomains are substantially isolated from each other by said waterdispersible polymer intervening between said domains; (B) providing asecond fiber; (C) passing the first fiber through a first processingzone, wherein the first processing zone comprises a heating device and atwisting zone, wherein the first fiber is heated, wherein the heatingtemperature of the first heating device is at least 10% less than thetemperature used for a fiber without the water dispersible componenthaving the same water non-dispersible polymer, same number of totalfilaments in the fiber, and the same total denier for a given type ofequipment and process conditions, wherein the twisting zone comprises atleast one friction disk; (D) passing the second fiber through a secondprocessing zone, wherein the second processing zone comprises a heatingdevice and a twisting zone wherein the second fiber is heated; and (E)combining the first fiber and the second fiber to make a yarn comprisingthe multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least onewater dispersible polymer and the second fiber.

In another embodiment, a process for texturing a multicomponent fiberhaving a shaped cross section is provided. The process comprises: (A)providing a multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and atleast one water dispersible polymer; and a plurality of domainscomprising one or more water non-dispersible polymers, wherein saiddomains are substantially isolated from each other by said waterdispersible polymer intervening between said domains; and wherein thewater dispersible polymer is present at the perimeter of the outsidecross-section of the multicomponent fiber in a proportion of no greaterthan 55% water dispersible polymer; and (B) passing the multicomponentfiber through a first zone comprising a first heating device and atwisting unit, wherein the first heating device has a heatingtemperature that is at least 10% less than the temperature used for afiber without the water dispersible component having the same waternon-dispersible polymer, same number of total filaments in the fiber,and the same total denier for a given type of equipment and processconditions.

In another embodiment of the invention, a process for texturing amulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section is provided. Theprocess comprises: (A) providing a multicomponent fiber having a shapedcross section and at least one water dispersible polymer; and aplurality of domains comprising one or more water non-dispersiblepolymers, wherein said domains are substantially isolated from eachother by said water dispersible polymer intervening between saiddomains; and wherein the water dispersible polymer is present at theperimeter of the outside cross-section of the multicomponent fiber in aproportion of no greater than 55% water dispersible polymer; and (B)passing the multicomponent fiber through a first zone comprising aheating device, a twisting unit and a cooling zone, wherein the step ofpassing the multicomponent fiber through a first zone comprises heatingthe multicomponent fiber, providing a twist to the multicomponent fiberand cooling the multicomponent fiber, and wherein the first heatingdevice has a heating temperature that is at least 10% less than thetemperature used for a fiber without the water dispersible componenthaving the same water non-dispersible polymer, same number of totalfilaments in the fiber, and the same total denier for a given type ofequipment and process conditions; and (C) optionally, passing the fiberthrough a second zone, wherein the second zone comprises a secondheating device.

In another embodiment of the invention, a process for texturing a fiberis provided. The process comprises: (A) providing a first fiber, whereinthe first fiber is a multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross sectionand at least one water dispersible polymer; and a plurality of domainscomprising one or more water non-dispersible polymers, wherein saiddomains are substantially isolated from each other by said waterdispersible polymer intervening between said domains; and wherein thewater dispersible polymer is present at the perimeter of the outsidecross-section of the multicomponent fiber in a proportion of no greaterthan 55% water dispersible polymer; (B) providing a second fiber; (C)passing the first fiber through a first processing zone, wherein thefirst processing zone comprises a heating device and a twisting zone,wherein the first fiber is heated, wherein the heating temperature ofthe first heating device is at least 10% less than the temperature usedfor a fiber without the water dispersible component having the samewater non-dispersible polymer, same number of total filaments in thefiber, and the same total denier for a given type of equipment andprocess conditions, wherein the twisting zone comprises at least onefriction disk; (D) passing the second fiber through a second processingzone, wherein the second processing zone comprises a heating device anda twisting zone wherein the second fiber is heated; and (E) combiningthe first fiber and the second fiber to make a yarn comprising themulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least onewater dispersible polymer and the second fiber.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a process is providedfor producing a fabric. The process comprises: 1) providing a pluralityof multicomponent fibers; wherein the multicomponent fiber comprises atleast one water non-dispersible synthetic polymer and at least one waterdispersible polymer, wherein said multicomponent fiber has waterdispersible polymer segments and water non-dispersible synthetic polymersegments; wherein the water dispersible polymer is present at theperimeter of the outside cross-section of the multicomponent fiber in aproportion of no greater than about 55% water dispersible polymer; and2) weaving, knitting, and/or braiding the multicomponent fiber toproduce the fabric.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Embodiments of the present invention are described herein with referenceto the following drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a comparative multicomponent fiber cross-section having aribbon or striped configuration with 5 water non-dispersible syntheticpolymer stripes and 6 water dispersible polymer stripes where the waterdispersible polymer stripes are on the outer perimeter. The waternon-dispersible polymer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and thewater dispersible polymer is sulfopolyester (5 Stripe PET MulticomponentFiber). This comparative multicomponent fiber has 56.5% sulfopolyesteron the perimeter of the multicomponent fiber surface cross-section.

FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the inventive multicomponent fiber having aribbon or striped configuration with 6 water non-dispersible syntheticpolymer stripes and 5 water dispersible polymer stripes. The waternon-dispersible synthetic polymer stripes are on the outer perimeter.This multicomponent fiber has 17.6% water dispersible polymer at theperimenter of the multicomponent fiber surface cross-section. In oneembodiment, the water non-dispersible polymer is polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), and the water dispersible polymer is sulfopolyester(6 Stripe PET Multicomponent Fiber). This multicomponent fiber has 17.6%sulfopolyester at the perimeter of the multicomponent fiber surfacecross-section.

FIG. 3 is an embodiment of the inventive multicomponent fiber having asegmented pie configuration with 16 segments with alternating segmentsof water dispersible polymer and water non-dispersible syntheticpolymer. The water dispersible polymer segments are smaller than thewater non-dispersible synthetic polymer such that the water dispersiblepolymer at the perimeter of the multicomponent fiber surfacecross-section is about 21.6% water dispersible.

FIG. 4 is an embodiment of the inventive multicomponent fiber having asegmented pie configuration with 32 segments with alternating segmentsof water dispersible polymer and water non-dispersible syntheticpolymer. The water dispersible polymer segments are smaller than thewater non-dispersible synthetic polymer such that the water dispersiblepolymer at the perimeter of the multicomponent fiber surfacecross-section is about 21.6% water dispersible.

FIG. 5. is a figure showing the various types of textured fibers oryarns. In FIG. 5(a), the textured fibers or yarns are curled. In FIG.5(b), the textured fibers or yarns are high bulk (stretched and relaxedprinciple). In FIG. 5(c), the textured fibers or yarns have a loftedeffect from the use of air jet. In FIG. 5(d), the textured fibers oryarns are stretch core texturized, which can retain good elasticity. InFIG. 5(e), the textured fibers or yarns have a synfoam texturizing(twist and untwist method). In FIG. 5(f), the textured fibers or yarnshave a peaked crimp effect. In FIG. 5(g), the textured fibers or yarnshave a rounded crimp effect. In FIG. 5(h), heated gears provide thecrimp to the fibers or yarns. In FIG. 5(i), the textured fibers or yarnshave been produced by a stuffing box method. In FIG. 5(j), the texturedfiber or yarn is produced with high twist but not highly elastic. InFIG. 5(k), the textured fiber or yarn is coiled.

FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the thickness of an example of double knityarn of the invention compared to a fully drawn yarn of the same type.

FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the thickness of an example of single knityarn of the invention compared to a fully drawn yarn of the same type.

FIG. 8A is a picture taken at 500x power of an example of double knitfully drawn yarn.

FIG. 8B is a picture taken at 500× power of an example of double knittextured yarn of the invention.

FIG. 9A is a picture taken at 500× power of an example of single knitfully drawn yarn.

FIG. 9B is a picture taken at 500× power of an example of single knittextured yarn of the invention.

FIG. 10A is a picture taken at 100× power of an example of double knitfully drawn yarn.

FIG. 10B is a picture taken at 100× power of an example of double knittextured yarn of the invention.

FIG. 11A is a picture taken at 100× power of an example of single knitfully drawn yarn.

FIG. 11B is a picture taken at 100× power of an example of single knittextured yarn of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a friction disk draw texturing process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides a multicomponent fiber having a shapedcross section, the multicomponent fiber comprising: (A) at least onewater dispersible polymer; and (B) a plurality of domains comprising oneor more water non-dispersible polymers, wherein the domains aresubstantially isolated from each other by the water dispersible polymerintervening between the domains; and wherein the water dispersiblepolymer is present at the perimeter of the outside cross-section of themulticomponent fiber in a proportion of no greater than 55%. The presentinvention also provides a process for texturing a multicomponent fiberhaving a shaped cross section.

The term “multicomponent fiber” as used herein, is intended to mean afiber or filament prepared by melting at least two or more fiber-formingpolymers in separate extruders, directing the resulting multiple polymerflows into one spinneret with a plurality of distribution flow paths,and spinning the flow paths together to form one fiber. Multicomponentfibers are also sometimes referred to as conjugate or bicomponentfibers. The polymers are arranged in distinct segments or configurationsacross the cross-section of the multicomponent fibers and extendcontinuously along the length of the multicomponent fibers. Theconfigurations of such multicomponent fibers may include, for example,eccentric sheath core, side by side, segmented pie, striped (ribbon), orislands-in-the-sea. For example, a multicomponent fiber may be preparedby extruding a water dispersible sulfopolyester and one or more waternon-dispersible synthetic polymers separately through a spinneret havinga shaped or engineered transverse geometry such as, for example, astriped configuration.

The terms “segment,” and/or “domain,” when used to describe the shapedcross section of a multicomponent fiber refer to the area within thecross section comprising the water non-dispersible synthetic polymers.These domains or segments are substantially isolated from each other bythe water-dispersible polymer, which intervenes between the segments ordomains. The term “substantially isolated,” as used herein, is intendedto mean that the segments or domains are set apart from each other topermit the segments or domains to form individual fibers upon removal ofthe water dispersible polymer. Segments or domains can be of similarshape and size or can vary in shape and/or size. Furthermore, thesegments or domains can be “substantially continuous” along the lengthof the multicomponent fiber. The term “substantially continuous” meansthat the segments or domains are continuous along at least 10 cm lengthof the multicomponent fiber. In one embodiment of the invention, thesesegments or domains of the multicomponent fiber produce the ribbonfibers when the water dispersible polymer is removed.

The term “water-dispersible,” as used in reference to thewater-dispersible component of the water dispersible polymer (e.g.sulfopolyesters) is intended to be synonymous with the terms“water-dissipatable,” “water-disintegratable,” “water-dissolvable,”“water-dispellable,” “water soluble,” “water-removable,” “hydrosoluble,”and “hydrodispersible” and is intended to mean that the waterdispersible polymer component is sufficiently removed from themulticomponent fiber and is dispersed and/or dissolved by the action ofwater to enable the release and separation of the water non-dispersiblefibers contained therein. The terms “dispersed,” “dispersible,”“dissipate,” or “dissipatable” mean that, when using a sufficient amountof deionized water (e.g., 100:1 water:fiber by weight) to form a loosesuspension or slurry of the water dispersible polymer fibers at atemperature of about 60° C., and within a time period of up to 5 days,the water dispersible polymer component dissolves, disintegrates, orseparates from the multicomponent fiber, thus leaving behind a pluralityof ribbon fibers from the water non-dispersible segments.

In the context of this invention, all of these terms refer to theactivity of water or a mixture of water and a water-miscible cosolventon the water dispersible polymer described herein. Examples of suchwater-miscible cosolvents includes alcohols, ketones, glycol ethers,esters and the like. It is intended for this terminology to includeconditions where the water dispersible polymer is dissolved to form atrue solution as well as those where the water dispersible polymer isdispersed within the aqueous medium. When the water dispersible polymeris a sulfopolyester, due to the statistical nature of sulfopolyestercompositions, it is possible to have a soluble fraction and a dispersedfraction when a single sulfopolyester sample is placed in an aqueousmedium.

The term “polyester”, as used herein, encompasses both “homopolyesters”and “copolyesters” and means a synthetic polymer prepared by thepolycondensation of difunctional carboxylic acids with a difunctionalhydroxyl compound. Typically, the difunctional carboxylic acid is adicarboxylic acid and the difunctional hydroxyl compound is a dihydricalcohol such as, for example, glycols and diols. Alternatively, thedifunctional carboxylic acid may be a hydroxy carboxylic acid such as,for example, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and the difunctional hydroxylcompound may be an aromatic nucleus bearing two hydroxy substituentssuch as, for example, hydroquinone. As used herein, the term“sulfopolyester” means any polyester comprising a sulfomonomer. The term“residue,” as used herein, means any organic structure incorporated intoa polymer through a polycondensation reaction involving thecorresponding monomer. Thus, the dicarboxylic acid residue may bederived from a dicarboxylic acid monomer or its associated acid halides,esters, salts, anhydrides, or mixtures thereof. Therefore, the termdicarboxylic acid is intended to include dicarboxylic acids and anyderivative of a dicarboxylic acid, including its associated acidhalides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, mixedanhydrides, or mixtures thereof, useful in a polycondensation processwith a diol to make high molecular weight polyesters.

The water dispersible polymer of this invention can be any that is knownin the art. Water dispersible polymers include, but are not limited to,sulfopolyesters, polyvinyl alcohols, acrylics, polyethylene glycols,polyvinyl methyl ethers, polyethyleneimines, polyquaternary amines,polymers of ethylene oxide, starches, and modified cellulosics. Examplesof acrylics include, but are not limited to, ethylene-acrylic acidcopolymers, and polyacrylic or methacrylic acid copolymers. An exampleof modified cellulose is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose.

In one embodiment of the invention, the water dispersible polymer is awater dispersible sulfopolyester. The water dispersible sulfopolyestersgenerally comprise dicarboxylic acid monomer residues, sulfomonomerresidues, diol monomer residues, and repeating units. The sulfomonomermay be a dicarboxylic acid, a diol, or hydroxycarboxylic acid. The term“monomer residue,” as used herein, means a residue of a dicarboxylicacid, a diol, or a hydroxycarboxylic acid. A “repeating unit,” as usedherein, means an organic structure having 2 monomer residues bondedthrough a carbonyloxy group. The sulfopolyesters of the presentinvention contain substantially equal molar proportions of acid residues(100 mole percent) and diol residues (100 mole percent), which react insubstantially equal proportions such that the total moles of repeatingunits is equal to 100 mole percent. The mole percentages provided in thepresent disclosure, therefore, may be based on the total moles of acidresidues, the total moles of diol residues, or the total moles ofrepeating units. For example, a sulfopolyester containing 30 molepercent of a sulfomonomer, which may be a dicarboxylic acid, a diol, orhydroxycarboxylic acid, based on the total repeating units, means thatthe sulfopolyester contains 30 mole percent sulfomonomer out of a totalof 100 mole percent repeating units. Thus, there are 30 moles ofsulfomonomer residues among every 100 moles of repeating units.Similarly, a sulfopolyester containing 30 mole percent of a sulfonateddicarboxylic acid, based on the total acid residues, means thesulfopolyester contains 30 mole percent sulfonated dicarboxylic acid outof a total of 100 mole percent acid residues. Thus, in this latter case,there are 30 moles of sulfonated dicarboxylic acid residues among every100 moles of acid residues.

While including a water dispersible polymer component in amulticomponent fiber design is desirable since it can be removed in anaqueous process to leave behind very small water non-dispersible polymerfibers, other properties of the water dispersible polymer can createprocessing issues both in multicomponent fiber production,multicomponent fiber storage, and the performance of the multicomponentfiber in downstream processing. Typically, the water dispersible polymercomponent in the fiber will comprise a significant percentage of themulticomponent fiber surface (perimeter) due to typical cross sectiondesigns or the intent to promote easy dissolution of the waterdispersible polymer component. It has been found in this invention thatthe amount of water dispersible polymer should be reduced at the surfaceof the multicomponent fiber. This reduction creates a multicomponentfiber that is more robust both in terms of spin processing anddownstream processing. For example, multicomponent fibers with greaterthan 55% water dispersible polymer at the perimeter can experience thefollowing processing problems: 1) increased unwind tension as a functionof storage conditions; 2) high friction in downstream processingequipment resulting in wear on the equipment components; 3) sensitivityto finish composition; 4) poor performance in spin processconfigurations; and 5) post processing of multicomponent fiber yarn.

In this invention, the water dispersible polymer is present at theperimeter of the outside cross-section of the multicomponent fiber ofthis invention in a proportion of no greater than about 55% waterdispersible polymer. In other embodiments of this invention, theperimeter of the outside cross-section of the multicomponent fiber has aproportion of water dispersible polymer no greater than about 54%, 53%,52%, 51%, 50%, 49%, 48%, 47%, 46%, 45%, 44%, 43%, 42%, 41%, 40%, 39%,38%, 37%, 36%, 35%, 34%, 33%, 32%, 31%, 30%, 29%, 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%,24%, 23%, 22%, 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%,10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1%.

In another embodiment of this invention, the amount of water dispersiblepolymer at the perimeter of the multicomponent fiber can range fromabout 1% to about 55%, about 5% to about 53%, about 5% to about 50%,about 5% to about 45%, about 5% to 50%, about 5% to about 40%, about 7%to about 35%, about 7% to about 30%, about 7% to about 25%, about 8% toabout 23%, about 9% to about 22%, about 10% to about 21%, about 11% toabout 20%, about 12% to about 19%, and about 13% to about 18%. Thepercentage of water dispersible polymer at the perimeter of themulticomponent fiber can be measured by taking an image of thecross-section of the multicomponent fiber and measuring the length ofthe perimeter comprising water dispersible polymer. After determiningthis length, it is divided by the total perimeter of the multicomponentfiber.

In one embodiment of the invention, the multicomponent fiber has thestriped or ribbon cross-section as shown in FIG. 2. It contains 11stripes with the outer stripes being water non-dispersible syntheticpolymer. It contains 6 stripes of water non-dispersible syntheticpolymer, and 5 narrow stripes of water dispersible polymer. In oneembodiment, the water dispersible polymer is sulfopolyester, and thewater non-dispersible polymer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

In another embodiment, the multicomponent fiber has a segmented pieconfiguration as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In FIG. 3, the multicomponentfiber has 16 segments with 8 water dispersible polymer domainsseparating 8 water non-dispersible domains. In FIG. 4, themulticomponent fiber has 32 segments with 16 water dispersible polymerdomains separating 16 water non-dispersible domains. In both of thesefigures, the water dispersible polymer present at the perimeter of theoutside cross-section of the multicomponent fiberis 21.6%.

The multicomponent fiber can be cut into any length that can be utilizedto produce any article known in the art. Such articles include, but arenot limited to, nonwoven articles or staple spun yarns. In oneembodiment the multicomponent fiber is cut to produce staple fiber. Asused herein, a “staple fiber” refers to a fiber having discrete length.Generally, the staple fibers can have a cut length of 0.1 millimeter(mm) to 100 mm; however, a cut length of 3 mm to 10 mm is generallypreferred. In one embodiment of the invention, the multicomponent fiberis cut into lengths ranging from at least 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 millimeterand/or not more than 25, 10, 5, or 2 millimeters. For staple spun yarns,the multicomponent fiber can be cut into staple fiber having a cutlength ranging from 20 mm to 100 mm. In one embodiment, the cuttingensures a consistent fiber length so that at least 75, 85, 90, 95, or 98percent of the individual fibers have an individual length that iswithin 90, 95, or 98 percent of the average length of all fibers.

In addition, our invention also provides a process for producing themulticomponent fibers and the microfibers derived therefrom, the processcomprises (a) producing the multicomponent fiber and (b) generating themicrofibers from the multicomponent fibers.

The process to produce the multicomponent fiber comprises spinning atleast one water dispersible polymer and at least one waternon-dispersible synthetic polymer to produce a multicomponent fiber. Inone embodiment, the process begins by (a) spinning a water dispersiblesulfopolyester having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least25° C., 26° C., 27° C., 28° C., 29° C., 30° C., 31° C., 32° C., 33° C.,34° C., 35° C., 36° C., 37° C., 38° C., 39° C., 40° C., 41° C., 42° C.,43° C., 44° C., 45° C., 46° C., 47° C., 48° C., 49° C., 50° C., 51° C.,52° C., 53° C., 54° C., 55° C., 56° C., 57° C., 58° C., 59° C., 60° C.,61° C., 62° C., 63° C., 64° C., or 65° C. and one or more waternon-dispersible synthetic polymers. The multicomponent fibers can have aplurality of segments comprising the water non-dispersible syntheticpolymers that are substantially isolated from each other by thesulfopolyester, which intervenes between the segments. Thesulfopolyester can comprise:

(i) about 50 to about 96 mole percent of one or more residues ofisophthalic acid and/or terephthalic acid, based on the total acidresidues;

(ii) about 4 to about 30 mole percent, based on the total acid residues,of a residue of sodiosulfoisophthalic acid;

(iii) one or more diol residues, wherein at least 25 mole percent, basedon the total diol residues, is a poly(ethylene glycol) having astructure H-(OCH₂-CH₂)_(n)—OH wherein n is an integer in the range of 2to about 500; and

(iv) 0 to about 20 mole percent, based on the total repeating units, ofresidues of a branching monomer having 3 or more functional groupswherein the functional groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, or a combinationthereof. Ideally, the sulfopolyester has a melt viscosity of less than12,000, 8,000, or 6,000 poise measured at 240° C. at a strain rate of 1rad/sec.

The microfibers are generated by (b) contacting the multicomponentfibers with water to remove the water dispersible polymer therebyforming the microfibers comprising the water non-dispersible syntheticpolymer. When the water dispersible polymer is a sulfopolyester fornonwoven applications, typically, the multicomponent fiber is contactedwith water at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 100° C., or at atemperature of about 50° C. to about 80° C., for a time period of fromabout 10 to about 600 seconds whereby the sulfopolyester is dissipatedor dissolved. In woven, knit, or braided applications, themulticomponent fiber is contacted with water at a temperature of about25° C. to about 150° C., from about 50° C. to about 150° C., from about80° C. to about 150° C., or from about 80° C. to about 130° C.

The ratio by weight of the water dispersible polymer to the waternon-dispersible synthetic polymer component in the multicomponent fiberof the invention is generally in the range of about 98:2 to about 2:98or, in another example, in the range of about 25:75 to about 75:25. Inanother embodiment of this invention, the ratio by weight of the waterdispersible polymer to water non-dispersible synthetic polymer componentin the multicomponent fiber of the invention is in the ratio of about90:10 Typically, the water dispersible polymercomprises 50 percent byweight or less, 40 percent by weight or less, 30 percent by weight orless, 20 percent by weight or less of the total weight of themulticomponent fiber. In one embodiment of the invention, the waterdispersible polymer is sulfopolyester.

A process is also provided to produce a woven, knitted, or braidedarticle or fabric comprising the inventive multicomponent fiber. Themulticomponent fiber can be woven, knitted, or braided with any otherfiber known in the art. After the article or fabric is woven, knitted,or braided, the article or fabric is contacted with water to remove thewater dispersible polymer.

In another embodiment of this invention, the multicomponent fiber can becut into any length depending on the end use application. In oneembodiment, the multicomponent is cut to produce a nonwoven media. Theprocess comprises:

(a) cutting a multicomponent fiber into cut multicomponent fibers havinga length of less than 100 millimeters;

(b) contacting a fiber-containing feedstock comprising the cutmulticomponent fibers with a wash water for at least 0.1, 0.5, or 1minutes and/or not more than 30, 20, or 10 minutes to produce a fibermix slurry, wherein the wash water can have a pH of less than 10, 8,7.5, or 7 and can be substantially free of added caustic;

(c) heating the fiber mix slurry to produce a heated fiber mix slurry;

(d) optionally, mixing the fiber mix slurry in a shearing zone;

(e) removing at least a portion of the sulfopolyester from themulticomponent fiber to produce a slurry mixture comprising asulfopolyester dispersion and the microfibers;

(f) removing at least a portion of the sulfopolyester dispersion fromthe slurry mixture to thereby provide a wet lap comprising themicrofibers, wherein the wet lap is comprised of at least 5, 10, 15, or20 weight percent and/or not more than 70, 55, or 40 weight percent ofthe microfibers and at least 30, 45, or 60 weight percent and/or notmore than 90, 85, or 80 weight percent of the sulfopolyester dispersion,wherein the sulfopolyester dispersion is an aqueous dispersion comprisedof water and water dispersible sulfopolyesters; and

(g) combining the wet lap with a dilution liquid to produce a dilutewet-lay slurry or “fiber furnish” comprising the microfibers in anamount of at least 0.001, 0.005, or 0.01 weight percent and/or not morethan 1, 0.5, or 0.1 weight percent to produce the nonwoven media.

In another embodiment of the invention, the wet lap is comprised of atleast 5, 10, 15, or 20 weight percent and/or not more than 50, 45, or 40weight percent of the water non-dispersible microfiber and at least 50,55, or 60 weight percent and/or not more than 90, 85, or 80 weightpercent of the sulfopolyester dispersion.

In addition, the wet lap can further comprise a fiber finishingcomposition comprising an oil, a wax, and/or a fatty acid. The fattyacid and/or oil used for the fiber finishing composition can benaturally-derived. In another embodiment, the fiber finishingcomposition comprises mineral oil, stearate esters, sorbitan esters,and/or neatsfoot oil. The fiber finishing composition can make up atleast 10, 50, or 100 ppmw and/or not more than 5,000, 1000, or 500 ppmwof the wet lap.

The removal of the water-dispersible sulfopolyester can be determined byphysical observation of the slurry mixture. The water utilized to rinsethe fabric or article is clear if the water-dispersible sulfopolyesterhas been mostly removed. If the water dispersible sulfopolyester isstill present in noticeable amounts, then the water utilized to rinsethe fabric or article can be milky in color. Further, ifwater-dispersible sulfopolyester remains on the fabric or article, thefabric or article can be somewhat sticky to the touch.

In one embodiment of this invention, at least one water softening agentmay be used to facilitate the removal of the water-dispersiblesulfopolyester from the multicomponent fiber. Any water softening agentknown in the art can be utilized. In one embodiment, the water softeningagent is a chelating agent or calcium ion sequestrant. Applicablechelating agents or calcium ion sequestrants are compounds containing aplurality of carboxylic acid groups per molecule where the carboxylicgroups in the molecular structure of the chelating agent are separatedby 2 to 6 atoms. Tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) isan example of the most common chelating agent, containing fourcarboxylic acid moieties per molecular structure with a separation of 3atoms between adjacent carboxylic acid groups. Sodium salts of maleicacid or succinic acid are examples of the most basic chelating agentcompounds. Further examples of applicable chelating agents includecompounds which have multiple carboxylic acid groups in the molecularstructure wherein the carboxylic acid groups are separated by therequired distance (2 to 6 atom units) which yield a favorable stericinteraction with di- or multi-valent cations such as calcium which causethe chelating agent to preferentially bind to di- or multi valentcations. Such compounds include, for example, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; diethylenetriam ine-N,N,N′, N′, N″-pentaaceticacid; pentetic acid; N,N-bis(2-(bis-(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-glycine;diethylenetriam ine pentaacetic acid;[[(carboxymethyl)imino]bis(ethylenenitrilo)]-tetra-acetic acid; edeticacid; ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid; EDTA, free base; EDTA, freeacid; ethylenediam ine-N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid; ham pene; versene;N, N′-1,2-ethane diylbis-(N-(carboxymethyl)glycine); ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid; N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)glycine; triglycollamic acid;trilone A; α,α′,α″-5 trimethylaminetricarboxylic acid;tri(carboxymethyl)amine; am inotriacetic acid; hampshire NTA acid;nitrilo-2,2′,2″-triacetic acid; titriplex i; nitrilotriacetic acid; andmixtures thereof.

The sulfopolyesters described herein can have an inherent viscosity,abbreviated hereinafter as “I.V.”, of at least about 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3dL/g, preferably about 0.2 to 0.3 dL/g, and most preferably greater thanabout 0.3 dL/g, as measured in 60/40 parts by weight solution ofphenol/tetrachloroethane solvent at 25° C. and at a concentration ofabout 0.5 g of sulfopolyester in 100 mL of solvent.

The sulfopolyesters of the present invention can include one or moredicarboxylic acid residues. Depending on the type and concentration ofthe sulfomonomer, the dicarboxylic acid residue may comprise at least60, 65, or 70 mole percent and not more than 95 or 100 mole percent ofthe acid residues. Examples of dicarboxylic acids that may be usedinclude aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, alicyclic dicarboxylic acids,aromatic dicarboxylic acids, or mixtures of two or more of these acids.Thus, suitable dicarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to,succinic, glutaric, adipic, azelaic, sebacic, fumaric, maleic, itaconic,1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4cyclohexanedicarboxylic, diglycolic, 2,5-norbornaned icarboxyl ic, phthalic, terephthalic,1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic, diphenic,4,4′-oxydibenzoic, 4,4′-sulfonyidibenzoic, and isophthalic. Thepreferred dicarboxylic acid residues are isophthalic, terephthalic, and1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids, or if diesters are used, dimethylterephthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, anddimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate with the residues of isophthalicand terephthalic acid being especially preferred. Although thedicarboxylic acid methyl ester is the most preferred embodiment, it isalso acceptable to include higher order alkyl esters, such as ethyl,propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and so forth. In addition, aromatic esters,particularly phenyl, also may be employed.

The sulfopolyesters can include at least 4, 6, or 8 mole percent and notmore than about 40, 35, 30, or 25 mole percent, based on the totalrepeating units, of residues of at least one sulfomonomer having 2functional groups and one or more sulfonate groups attached to anaromatic or cycloaliphatic ring wherein the functional groups arehydroxyl, carboxyl, or a combination thereof. The sulfomonomer may be adicarboxylic acid or ester thereof containing a sulfonate group, a diolcontaining a sulfonate group, or a hydroxy acid containing a sulfonategroup. The term “sulfonate” refers to a salt of a sulfonic acid havingthe structure “—SO₃M,” wherein M is the cation of the sulfonate salt.The cation of the sulfonate salt may be a metal ion such as Li⁺, Na⁺,K⁺, and the like. When a monovalent alkali metal ion is used as thecation of the sulfonate salt, the resulting sulfopolyester is completelydispersible in water with the rate of dispersion dependent on thecontent of sulfomonomer in the polymer, temperature of the water,surface area/thickness of the sulfopolyester, and so forth. When adivalent metal ion is used, the resulting sulfopolyesters are notreadily dispersed by cold water but are more easily dispersed by hotwater. Utilization of more than one counterion within a single polymercomposition is possible and may offer a means to tailor or fine-tune thewater-responsivity of the resulting article of manufacture. Examples ofsulfomonomer residues include monomer residues where the sulfonate saltgroup is attached to an aromatic acid nucleus, such as, for example,benzene, naphthalene, diphenyl, oxydiphenyl, sulfonyldiphenyl,methylenediphenyl, or cycloaliphatic rings (e.g., cyclopentyl,cyclobutyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl). Other examples of sulfomonomerresidues which may be used in the present invention are the metalsulfonate salts of sulfophthalic acid, sulfoterephthalic acid,sulfoisophthalic acid, or combinations thereof. Other examples ofsulfomonomers which may be used include 5-sodiosulfoisophthalic acid andesters thereof.

The sulfomonomers used in the preparation of the sulfopolyesters areknown compounds and may be prepared using methods well known in the art.For example, sulfomonomers in which the sulfonate group is attached toan aromatic ring may be prepared by sulfonating the aromatic compoundwith oleum to obtain the corresponding sulfonic acid and followed byreaction with a metal oxide or base, for example, sodium acetate, toprepare the sulfonate salt. Procedures for preparation of varioussulfomonomers are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,779,993;3,018,272; and 3,528,947, the disclosures of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

The sulfopolyesters can include one or more diol residues which mayinclude aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aralkyl glycols. Thecycloaliphatic diols, for example, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol,may be present as their pure cis or trans isomers or as a mixture of cisand trans isomers. As used herein, the term “diol” is synonymous withthe term “glycol” and can encompass any dihydric alcohol. Examples ofdiols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, 1,3-propanediol,2,4-dimethyl-2-ethylhexane-1,3-diol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol,2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-isobutyl-1,3-propanediol,1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol,2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol, thiodiethanol,1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol,1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol,p-xylylenediol, or combinations of one or more of these glycols.

The diol residues may include from about 25 mole percent to about 100mole percent, based on the total diol residues, of residues of apoly(ethylene glycol) having a structure H—(OCH₂—CH₂)_(n)—OH, wherein nis an integer in the range of 2 to about 500. Non-limiting examples oflower molecular weight polyethylene glycols (e.g., wherein n is from 2to 6) are diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethyleneglycol. Of these lower molecular weight glycols, diethylene andtriethylene glycol are most preferred. Higher molecular weightpolyethylene glycols (abbreviated herein as “PEG”), wherein n is from 7to about 500, include the commercially available products known underthe designation CARBOWAX®, a product of Dow Chemical Company (formerlyUnion Carbide). Typically, PEGs are used in combination with other diolssuch as, for example, diethylene glycol or ethylene glycol. Based on thevalues of n, which range from greater than 6 to 500, the molecularweight may range from greater than 300 to about 22,000 g/mol. Themolecular weight and the mole percent are inversely proportional to eachother; specifically, as the molecular weight is increased, the molepercent will be decreased in order to achieve a designated degree ofhydrophilicity. For example, it is illustrative of this concept toconsider that a PEG having a molecular weight of 1,000 g/mol mayconstitute up to 10 mole percent of the total diol, while a PEG having amolecular weight of 10,000 g/mol would typically be incorporated at alevel of less than 1 mole percent of the total diol.

Certain dimer, trimer, and tetramer diols may be formed in situ due toside reactions that may be controlled by varying the process conditions.For example, varying amounts of diethylene, triethylene, andtetraethylene glycols may be derived from ethylene glycol using anacid-catalyzed dehydration reaction which occurs readily when thepolycondensation reaction is carried out under acidic conditions. Thepresence of buffer solutions, well known to those skilled in the art,may be added to the reaction mixture to retard these side reactions.Additional compositional latitude is possible, however, if the buffer isomitted and the dimerization, trimerization, and tetramerizationreactions are allowed to proceed.

The sulfopolyesters of the present invention may include from 0 to lessthan 25, 20, 15, or 10 mole percent, based on the total repeating units,of residues of a branching monomer having 3 or more functional groupswherein the functional groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, or a combinationthereof. Non-limiting examples of branching monomers are1,1,1-trimethylol propane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, glycerin,pentaerythritol, erythritol, threitol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol,trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, dimethylol propionicacid, or combinations thereof. The presence of a branching monomer mayresult in a number of possible benefits to the sulfopolyesters,including but not limited to, the ability to tailor rheological,solubility, and tensile properties. For example, at a constant molecularweight, a branched sulfopolyester, compared to a linear analog, willalso have a greater concentration of end groups that may facilitatepost-polymerization crosslinking reactions. At high concentrations ofbranching agent, however, the sulfopolyester may be prone to gelation.

The sulfopolyester used for the multicomponent fiber can have a glasstransition temperature, abbreviated herein as “Tg,” of at least 25° C.,26° C., 27° C., 28° C., 29° C., 30° C., 31° C., 32° C., 33° C., 34° C.,35° C., 36° C., 37° C., 38° C., 39° C., 40° C., 41° C., 42° C., 43° C.,44° C., 45° C., 46° C., 47° C., 48° C., 49° C., 50° C., 51° C., 52° C.,53° C., 54° C., 55° C., 56° C., 57° C., 58° C., 59° C., 60° C., 61° C.,62° C., 63° C., 64° C., or 65° C. as measured on the dry polymer usingstandard techniques well known to persons skilled in the art, such asdifferential scanning calorimetry (“DSC”). The Tg measurements of thesulfopolyesters are conducted using a “dry polymer,” that is, a polymersample in which adventitious or absorbed water is driven off by heatingthe polymer to a temperature of about 200° C. and allowing the sample toreturn to room temperature. Typically, the sulfopolyester is dried inthe DSC apparatus by conducting a first thermal scan in which the sampleis heated to a temperature above the water vaporization temperature,holding the sample at that temperature until the vaporization of thewater absorbed in the polymer is complete (as indicated by a large,broad endotherm), cooling the sample to room temperature, and thenconducting a second thermal scan to obtain the Tg measurement.

In one embodiment, our invention provides a sulfopolyester having aglass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 25° C., wherein thesulfopolyester comprises:

(a) at least 50, 60, 75, or 85 mole percent and no more than 96, 95, 90,or 85 mole percent of one or more residues of isophthalic acid and/orterephthalic acid, based on the total acid residues;

(b) about 4 to about 30 mole percent, based on the total acid residues,of a residue of sodiosulfoisophthalic acid;

(c) one or more diol residues wherein at least 25, 50, 70, or 75 molepercent, based on the total diol residues, is a poly(ethylene glycol)having a structure H—(OCH₂—CH₂)_(n)—OH wherein n is an integer in therange of 2 to about 500;

(d) 0 to about 20 mole percent, based on the total repeating units, ofresidues of a branching monomer having 3 or more functional groupswherein the functional groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, or a combinationthereof.

The sulfopolyesters of the instant invention are readily prepared fromthe appropriate dicarboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, salts,sulfomonomer, and the appropriate diol or diol mixtures using typicalpolycondensation reaction conditions. They may be made by continuous,semi-continuous, and batch modes of operation and may utilize a varietyof reactor types. Examples of suitable reactor types include, but arenot limited to, stirred tank, continuous stirred tank, slurry, tubular,wiped-film, falling film, or extrusion reactors. The term “continuous”as used herein means a process wherein reactants are introduced andproducts withdrawn simultaneously in an uninterrupted manner. By“continuous” it is meant that the process is substantially or completelycontinuous in operation and is to be contrasted with a “batch” process.“Continuous” is not meant in any way to prohibit normal interruptions inthe continuity of the process due to, for example, start-up, reactormaintenance, or scheduled shut down periods. The term “batch” process asused herein means a process wherein all the reactants are added to thereactor and then processed according to a predetermined course ofreaction during which no material is fed or removed from the reactor.The term “sem icontinuous” means a process where some of the reactantsare charged at the beginning of the process and the remaining reactantsare fed continuously as the reaction progresses. Alternatively, a semicontinuous process may also include a process similar to a batchprocess in which all the reactants are added at the beginning of theprocess except that one or more of the products are removed continuouslyas the reaction progresses. The process is operated advantageously as acontinuous process for economic reasons and to produce superiorcoloration of the polymer as the sulfopolyester may deteriorate inappearance if allowed to reside in a reactor at an elevated temperaturefor too long a duration.

The sulfopolyesters can be prepared by procedures known to personsskilled in the art. The sulfomonomer is most often added directly to thereaction mixture from which the polymer is made, although otherprocesses are known and may also be employed, for example, as describedin U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,018,272, 3,075,952, and 3,033,822. The reaction ofthe sulfomonomer, diol component, and the dicarboxylic acid componentmay be carried out using conventional polyester polymerizationconditions. For example, when preparing the sulfopolyesters by means ofan ester interchange reaction, i.e., from the ester form of thedicarboxylic acid components, the reaction process may comprise twosteps. In the first step, the diol component and the dicarboxylic acidcomponent, such as, for example, dimethyl isophthalate, are reacted atelevated temperatures of about 150° C. to about 250° C. for about 0.5 to8 hours at pressures ranging from about 0.0 kPa gauge to about 414 kPagauge (60 pounds per square inch, “psig”). Preferably, the temperaturefor the ester interchange reaction ranges from about 180° C. to about230° C. for about 1 to 4 hours while the preferred pressure ranges fromabout 103 kPa gauge (15 psig) to about 276 kPa gauge (40 psig).Thereafter, the reaction product is heated under higher temperatures andunder reduced pressure to form a sulfopolyester with the elimination ofa diol, which is readily volatilized under these conditions and removedfrom the system. This second step, or polycondensation step, iscontinued under higher vacuum conditions and a temperature whichgenerally ranges from about 230° C. to about 350° C., preferably about250° C. to about 310° C., and most preferably about 260° C. to about290° C. for about 0.1 to about 6 hours, or preferably, for about 0.2 toabout 2 hours, until a polymer having the desired degree ofpolymerization, as determined by inherent viscosity, is obtained. Thepolycondensation step may be conducted under reduced pressure whichranges from about 53 kPa (400 torr) to about 0.013 kPa (0.1 torr).Stirring or appropriate conditions are used in both stages to ensureadequate heat transfer and surface renewal of the reaction mixture. Thereactions of both stages are facilitated by appropriate catalysts suchas, for example, alkoxy titanium compounds, alkali metal hydroxides andalcoholates, salts of organic carboxylic acids, alkyl tin compounds,metal oxides, and the like. A three-stage manufacturing procedure,similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,631 may also be used,particularly when a mixed monomer feed of acids and esters is employed.

To ensure that the reaction of the diol component and dicarboxylic acidcomponent by an ester interchange reaction mechanism is driven tocompletion, it is preferred to employ about 1.05 to about 2.5 moles ofdiol component to one mole of dicarboxylic acid component. Persons ofskill in the art will understand, however, that the ratio of diolcomponent to dicarboxylic acid component is generally determined by thedesign of the reactor in which the reaction process occurs.

In the preparation of sulfopolyester by direct esterification, i.e.,from the acid form of the dicarboxylic acid component, sulfopolyestersare produced by reacting the dicarboxylic acid or a mixture ofdicarboxylic acids with the diol component or a mixture of diolcomponents. The reaction is conducted at a pressure of from about 7 kPagauge (1 psig) to about 1,379 kPa gauge (200 psig), preferably less than689 kPa (100 psig) to produce a low molecular weight, linear or branchedsulfopolyester product having an average degree of polymerization offrom about 1.4 to about 10. The temperatures employed during the directesterification reaction typically range from about 180° C. to about 280°C., more preferably ranging from about 220° C. to about 270° C. This lowmolecular weight polymer may then be polymerized by a polycondensationreaction.

As noted hereinabove, the sulfopolyesters are advantageous for thepreparation of bicomponent and multicomponent fibers having a shapedcross section. We have discovered that sulfopolyesters or blends ofsulfopolyesters having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least25° C., 26° C., 27° C., 28° C., 29° C., 30° C., 31° C., 32° C., 33° C.,34° C., 35° C., 36° C., 37° C., 38° C., 39° C., 40° C., 41° C., 42° C.,43° C., 44° C., 45° C., 46° C., 47° C., 48° C., 49° C., 50° C., 51° C.,52° C., 53° C., 54° C., 55° C., 56° C., 57° C., 58° C., 59° C., 60° C.,61° C., 62° C., 63° C., 64° C., or 65° C. are particularly useful formulticomponent fibers for preventing blocking and fusing of the fiberduring spinning and take up. For example, to obtain a sulfopolyesterwith a Tg of at least 35° C., blends of one or more sulfopolyesters maybe used in varying proportions to obtain a sulfopolyester blend havingthe desired Tg. The Tg of a sulfopolyester blend may be calculated byusing a weighted average of the Tgs of the sulfopolyester components.For example, sulfopolyesters having a Tg of 48° C. may be blended in a25:75 weight:weight ratio with another sulfopolyester having Tg of 65°C. to give a sulfopolyester blend having a Tg of approximately 61° C.

In another embodiment of the invention, the water dispersiblesulfopolyester component of the multicomponent fiber presents propertieswhich allow at least one of the following:

(a) the multicomponent fibers to be spun to a desired low denier,

(b) the sulfopolyester in these multicomponent fibers to be resistant toremoval during hydroentangling of a web formed from the multicomponentfibers but is efficiently removed at elevated temperatures afterhydroentanglement, and

(c) the multicomponent fibers to be heat settable so as to yield astable, strong fabric. Surprising and unexpected results were achievedin furtherance of these objectives using a sulfopolyester having acertain melt viscosity and level of sulfomonomer residues.

As previously discussed, the sulfopolyester or sulfopolyester blendutilized in the multicomponent fibers or binders can have a meltviscosity of generally less than about 12,000, 10,000, 6,000, or 4,000poise as measured at 240° C. and at a 1 rad/sec shear rate. In anotheraspect, the sulfopolyester or sulfopolyester blend exhibits a meltviscosity of between about 1,000 to 12,000 poise, more preferablybetween 2,000 to 6,000 poise, and most preferably between 2,500 to 4,000poise measured at 240° C. and at a 1 rad/sec shear rate. Prior todetermining the viscosity, the samples are dried at 60° C. in a vacuumoven for 2 days. The melt viscosity is measured on a rheometer using 25mm diameter parallel-plate geometry at a 1 mm gap setting. A dynamicfrequency sweep is run at a strain rate range of 1 to 400 rad/sec and 10percent strain amplitude. The viscosity is then measured at 240° C. andat a strain rate of 1 rad/sec.

The level of sulfomonomer residues in the sulfopolyester polymers is atleast 4 or 5 mole percent and less than about 25, 20, 12, or 10 molepercent, reported as a percentage of the total diacid or diol residuesin the sulfopolyester. Sulfomonomers for use with the inventionpreferably have 2 functional groups and one or more sulfonate groupsattached to an aromatic or cycloaliphatic ring wherein the functionalgroups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, or a combination thereof. Asodiosulfoisophthalic acid monomer is particularly preferred.

In addition to the sulfomonomer described previously, the sulfopolyesterpreferably comprises residues of one or more dicarboxylic acids, one ormore diol residues wherein at least 25 mole percent, based on the totaldiol residues, is a poly(ethylene glycol) having a structureH—(OCH₂—CH₂)_(n)—OH wherein n is an integer in the range of 2 to about500, and 0 to about 20 mole percent, based on the total repeating units,of residues of a branching monomer having 3 or more functional groupswherein the functional groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, or a combinationthereof.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the sulfopolyester comprisesfrom about 60 to 99, 80 to 96, or 88 to 94 mole percent of dicarboxylicacid residues, from about 1 to 40, 4 to 20, or 6 to 12 mole percent ofsulfomonomer residues, and 100 mole percent of diol residues (therebeing a total mole percent of 200 percent, i.e., 100 mole percent diacidand 100 mole percent diol). More specifically, the dicarboxylic portionof the sulfopolyester comprises between about 50 to 95, 60 to 80, or 65to 75 mole percent of terephthalic acid, about 0.5 to 49, 1 to 30, or 15to 25 mole percent of isophthalic acid, and about 1 to 40, 4 to 20, or 6to 12 mole percent of 5-sodiosulfoisophthalic acid (5-SSIPA). The diolportion comprises from about 0 to 50 mole percent of diethylene glycoland from about 50 to 100 mole percent of ethylene glycol. An exemplaryformulation according to this embodiment of the invention is set forthsubsequently.

Approximate Mole percent (based on total moles of diol or diacidresidues) Terephthalic acid 71 Isophthalic acid 20 5-SSIPA 9 Diethyleneglycol 35 Ethylene glycol 65

The water dispersible component of the multicomponent fibers may consistessentially of or, consist of, the sulfopolyesters describedhereinabove. In another embodiment, however, the sulfopolyesters of thisinvention may be blended with one or more supplemental polymers tomodify the properties of the resulting multicomponent fiber. Thesupplemental polymer may or may not be water-dispersible depending onthe application and may be miscible or immiscible with thesulfopolyester. If the supplemental polymer is water non-dispersible, itis preferred that the blend with the sulfopolyester is immiscible.

The term “miscible,” as used herein, is intended to mean that the blendhas a single, homogeneous amorphous phase as indicated by a singlecomposition-dependent Tg. For example, a first polymer that is misciblewith second polymer may be used to “plasticize” the second polymer asillustrated, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,211,309. By contrast, theterm “immiscible,” as used herein, denotes a blend that shows at leasttwo randomly mixed phases and exhibits more than one Tg. Some polymersmay be immiscible and yet compatible with the sulfopolyester. A furthergeneral description of miscible and immiscible polymer blends and thevarious analytical techniques for their characterization may be found inPolymer Blends Volumes 1 and 2, Edited by D. R. Paul and C. B. Bucknall,2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, the disclosure of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

Non-limiting examples of water-dispersible polymers that may be blendedwith the sulfopolyester are polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone,polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinylalcohol, polyethylene oxide, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose,isopropyl cellulose, methyl ether starch, polyacrylam ides, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), polyethyl oxazoline, poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline),polyvinyl methyl oxazolidone, water-dispersible sulfopolyesters,polyvinyl methyl oxazolidimone, poly(2,4-dimethyl-6-triazinylethylene),and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers. Examples of polymerswhich are water non-dispersible that may be blended with thesulfopolyester include, but are not limited to, polyolefins, such ashomo- and co-polymers of polyethylene and polypropylene; poly(ethyleneterephthalate); poly(butylene terephthalate); and polyamides, such asnylon-6; polylactides; caprolactone; Eastar Bio® (poly(tetramethyleneadipate-co-terephthalate), a product of Eastman Chemical Company);polycarbonate; polyurethane; and polyvinyl chloride.

According to our invention, blends of more than one sulfopolyester maybe used to tailor the end-use properties of the resulting multicomponentfiber or nonwoven article. The blends of one or more sulfopolyesterswill have Tgs of at least 25° C. for the binder compositions and atleast 35° C. for the multicomponent fibers.

The sulfopolyester and supplemental polymer may be blended in batch,semicontinuous, or continuous processes. Small scale batches may bereadily prepared in any high-intensity mixing devices well known tothose skilled in the art, such as Banbury mixers, prior to melt-spinningfibers. The components may also be blended in solution in an appropriatesolvent. The melt blending method includes blending the sulfopolyesterand supplemental polymer at a temperature sufficient to melt thepolymers. The blend may be cooled and pelletized for further use or themelt blend can be melt spun directly from this molten blend into fiberform. The term “melt” as used herein includes, but is not limited to,merely softening the polyester. For melt mixing methods generally knownin the polymers art, see Mixing and Compounding of Polymers (I.Manas-Zloczower & Z. Tadmor editors, Carl Hanser Verlag Publisher, 1994,New York, N.Y.).

As previously discussed, the segments or domains of the multicomponentfibers may comprise one or more water non-dispersible syntheticpolymers. Examples of water non-dispersible synthetic polymers which maybe used in segments of the multicomponent fiber include, but are notlimited to, polyolefins, polyesters, copolyesters, polyamides,polylactides, polycaprolactone, polycarbonate, polyurethane, acrylics,cellulose ester, and/or polyvinyl chloride. For example, the waternon-dispersible synthetic polymer may be polyester such as polyethyleneterephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer, polyethyleneterephthalate copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate, polycyclohexylenecyclohexanedicarboxylate, polypropylene terephthalate, polycyclohexyleneterephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, and the like.

In another embodiment of the invention, the water non-dispersiblepolymer is derived from recycled materials. Particularly, the waternon-dispersible polymer can be recycled polyester.

In another example, the water non-dispersible synthetic polymer can bebiodistintegratable as determined by DIN Standard 54900 and/orbiodegradable as determined by ASTM Standard Method, D6340-98. Examplesof biodegradable polyesters and polyester blends are disclosed in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,599,858; 5,580,911; 5,446,079; and 5,559,171. The term“biodegradable,” as used herein in reference to the waternon-dispersible synthetic polymers, is understood to mean that thepolymers are degraded under environmental influences such as, forexample, in a composting environment, in an appropriate and demonstrabletime span as defined, for example, by ASTM Standard Method, D6340-98,entitled “Standard Test Methods for Determining Aerobic Biodegradationof Radiolabeled Plastic Materials in an Aqueous or Compost Environment.”The water non-dispersible synthetic polymers of the present inventionalso may be “biodisintegratable,” meaning that the polymers are easilyfragmented in a composting environment as defined, for example, by DINStandard 54900. For example, the biodegradable polymer is initiallyreduced in molecular weight in the environment by the action of heat,water, air, microbes, and other factors. This reduction in molecularweight results in a loss of physical properties (tenacity) and often infiber breakage. Once the molecular weight of the polymer is sufficientlylow, the monomers and oligomers are then assimilated by the microbes. Inan aerobic environment, these monomers or oligomers are ultimatelyoxidized to CO₂, H₂O, and new cell biomass. In an anaerobic environment,the monomers or oligomers are ultimately converted to CO₂, H₂, acetate,methane, and cell biomass.

Additionally, the water non-dispersible synthetic polymers may comprisealiphatic-aromatic polyesters, abbreviated herein as “AAPE.” The term“aliphatic-aromatic polyester,” as used herein, means a polyestercomprising a mixture of residues from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids,cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic diols, cycloaliphaticdiols, aromatic diols, and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The term“non-aromatic,” as used herein with respect to the dicarboxylic acid anddiol monomers of the present invention, means that carboxyl or hydroxylgroups of the monomer are not connected through an aromatic nucleus. Forexample, adipic acid contains no aromatic nucleus in its backbone (i.e.,the chain of carbon atoms connecting the carboxylic acid groups), thusadipic acid is “non-aromatic.” By contrast, the term “aromatic” meansthe dicarboxylic acid or diol contains an aromatic nucleus in itsbackbone such as, for example, terephthalic acid or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. “Non-aromatic,” therefore, is intended to includeboth aliphatic and cycloaliphatic structures such as, for example, diolsand dicarboxylic acids, which contain as a backbone a straight orbranched chain or cyclic arrangement of the constituent carbon atomswhich may be saturated or paraffinic in nature, unsaturated (i.e.,containing non-aromatic carbon-carbon double bonds), or acetylenic(i.e., containing carbon-carbon triple bonds). Thus, non-aromatic isintended to include linear and branched, chain structures (referred toherein as “aliphatic”) and cyclic structures (referred to herein as“alicyclic” or “cycloaliphatic”). The term “non-aromatic,” however, isnot intended to exclude any aromatic substituents which may be attachedto the backbone of an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol or dicarboxylicacid. In the present invention, the difunctional carboxylic acidtypically is a aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as, for example, adipicacid, or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as, for example,terephthalic acid. The difunctional hydroxyl compound may becycloaliphatic diol such as, for example, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, alinear or branched aliphatic diol such as, for example, 1,4-butanediol,or an aromatic diol such as, for example, hydroquinone.

The AAPE may be a linear or branched random copolyester and/or chainextended copolyester comprising diol residues which comprise theresidues of one or more substituted or unsubstituted, linear orbranched, diols selected from aliphatic diols containing 2 to 8 carbonatoms, polyalkylene ether glycols containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, andcycloaliphatic diols containing about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms. Thesubstituted diols, typically, will comprise 1 to 4 substituentsindependently selected from halo, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy.Examples of diols which may be used include, but are not limited to,ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol,2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol,1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol, thiodiethanol,1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclo-hexanedimethanol,2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol, triethylene glycol, andtetraethylene glycol. The AAPE also comprises diacid residues whichcontain about 35 to about 99 mole percent, based on the total moles ofdiacid residues, of the residues of one or more substituted orunsubstituted, linear or branched, non-aromatic dicarboxylic acidsselected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 2 to 12 carbonatoms and cycloaliphatic acids containing about 5 to 10 carbon atoms.The substituted non-aromatic dicarboxylic acids will typically contain 1to about 4 substituents selected from halo, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, and C₁-C₄alkoxy. Non-limiting examples of non-aromatic diacids include malonic,succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, azelaic, sebacic, fumaric,2,2-dimethyl glutaric, suberic, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic,1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, diglycolic,itaconic, maleic, and 2,5-norbornane-dicarboxylic. In addition to thenon-aromatic dicarboxylic acids, the AAPE comprises about 1 to about 65mole percent, based on the total moles of diacid residues, of theresidues of one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromaticdicarboxylic acids containing 6 to about 10 carbon atoms. In the casewhere substituted aromatic dicarboxylic acids are used, they willtypically contain 1 to about 4 substituents selected from halo, C₆-C₁₀aryl, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy. Non-limiting examples of aromatic dicarboxylicacids which may be used in the AAPE of our invention are terephthalicacid, isophthalic acid, salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, and2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. More preferably, the non-aromaticdicarboxylic acid will comprise adipic acid, the aromatic dicarboxylicacid will comprise terephthalic acid, and the diol will comprise1,4-butanediol.

Other possible compositions for the AAPE are those prepared from thefollowing diols and dicarboxylic acids (or polyester-forming equivalentsthereof such as diesters) in the following mole percentages, based on100 mole percent of a diacid component and 100 mole percent of a diolcomponent:

(1) glutaric acid (about 30 to about 75 mole percent), terephthalic acid(about 25 to about 70 mole percent), 1,4-butanediol (about 90 to 100mole percent), and modifying diol (0 about 10 mole percent);

(2) succinic acid (about 30 to about 95 mole percent), terephthalic acid(about 5 to about 70 mole percent), 1,4-butanediol (about 90 to 100 molepercent), and modifying diol (0 to about 10 mole percent); and

(3) adipic acid (about 30 to about 75 mole percent), terephthalic acid(about 25 to about 70 mole percent), 1,4-butanediol (about 90 to 100mole percent), and modifying diol (0 to about 10 mole percent).

The modifying diol preferably is selected from1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, andneopentyl glycol. The most preferred AAPEs are linear, branched, orchain extended copolyesters comprising about 50 to about 60 mole percentadipic acid residues, about 40 to about 50 mole percent terephthalicacid residues, and at least 95 mole percent 1,4-butanediol residues.Even more preferably, the adipic acid residues comprise about 55 toabout 60 mole percent, the terephthalic acid residues comprise about 40to about 45 mole percent, and the diol residues comprise about 95 molepercent 1,4-butanediol residues. Such compositions are commerciallyavailable under the trademark EASTAR BIO® copolyester from EastmanChemical Company, Kingsport, Tenn., and under the trademark ECOFLEX®from BASF Corporation.

Additional, specific examples of preferred AAPEs include apoly(tetra-methylene glutarate-co-terephthalate) containing (a) 50 molepercent glutaric acid residues, 50 mole percent terephthalic acidresidues, and 100 mole percent 1,4-butanediol residues, (b) 60 molepercent glutaric acid residues, 40 mole percent terephthalic acidresidues, and 100 mole percent 1,4-butanediol residues, or (c) 40 molepercent glutaric acid residues, 60 mole percent terephthalic acidresidues, and 100 mole percent 1,4-butanediol residues; apoly(tetramethylene succinate-co-terephthalate) containing (a) 85 molepercent succinic acid residues, 15 mole percent terephthalic acidresidues, and 100 mole percent 1,4-butanediol residues or (b) 70 molepercent succinic acid residues, 30 mole percent terephthalic acidresidues, and 100 mole percent 1,4-butanediol residues; a poly(ethylenesuccinate-co-terephthalate) containing 70 mole percent succinic acidresidues, 30 mole percent terephthalic acid residues, and 100 molepercent ethylene glycol residues; and a poly(tetramethyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) containing (a) 85 mole percent adipic acidresidues, 15 mole percent terephthalic acid residues, and 100 molepercent 1,4-butanediol residues; or (b) 55 mole percent adipic acidresidues, 45 mole percent terephthalic acid residues, and 100 molepercent 1,4-butanediol residues.

The AAPE preferably comprises from about 10 to about 1,000 repeatingunits and preferably, from about 15 to about 600 repeating units. TheAAPE may have an inherent viscosity of about 0.4 to about 2.0 dL/g, ormore preferably about 0.7 to about 1.6 dL/g, as measured at atemperature of 25° C. using a concentration of 0.5 g copolyester in 100ml of a 60/40 by weight solution of phenol/tetrachloroethane.

The AAPE, optionally, may contain the residues of a branching agent. Themole percent ranges for the branching agent are from about 0 to about 2mole percent, preferably about 0.1 to about 1 mole percent, and mostpreferably about 0.1 to about 0.5 mole percent based on the total molesof diacid or diol residues (depending on whether the branching agentcontains carboxyl or hydroxyl groups). The branching agent preferablyhas a weight average molecular weight of about 50 to about 5,000, morepreferably about 92 to about 3,000, and a functionality of about 3 toabout 6. The branching agent, for example, may be the esterified residueof a polyol having 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, a polycarboxylic acid having3 or 4 carboxyl groups (or ester-forming equivalent groups), or ahydroxy acid having a total of 3 to 6 hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Inaddition, the AAPE may be branched by the addition of a peroxide duringreactive extrusion.

The water non-dispersible components of the multicomponent fibers ofthis invention also may contain other conventional additives andingredients which do not deleteriously affect their end use. Forexample, additives include, but are not limited to, starches, fillers,light and heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, extrusion aids, dyes,anticounterfeiting markers, slip agents, tougheners, adhesion promoters,oxidative stabilizers, UV absorbers, colorants, pigments, opacifiers(delustrants), optical brighteners, fillers, nucleating agents,plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, surface modifiers, antimicrobials,antifoams, lubricants, thermostabilizers, emulsifiers, disinfectants,cold flow inhibitors, branching agents, oils, waxes, and catalysts.

In one embodiment of the invention, the multicomponent fibers willcontain less than 10 weight percent of anti-blocking additives, based onthe total weight of the multicomponent fiber or nonwoven article. Themulticomponent fiber may contain less than 10, 9, 5, 3, or 1 weightpercent of a pigment or filler based on the total weight of themulticomponent fiber. Colorants, sometimes referred to as toners, may beadded to impart a desired neutral hue and/or brightness to the waternon-dispersible polymer. When colored fibers are desired, pigments orcolorants may be included when producing the water non-dispersiblepolymer or they may be melt blended with the preformed waternon-dispersible polymer. A preferred method of including colorants is touse a colorant having thermally stable organic colored compounds havingreactive groups such that the colorant is copolymerized and incorporatedinto the water non-dispersible polymer to improve its hue. For example,colorants such as dyes possessing reactive hydroxyl and/or carboxylgroups, including, but not limited to, blue and red substitutedanthraquinones, may be copolymerized into the polymer chain.

The multicomponent fiber of this invention can be produced by any methodknown in the art. In one embodiment of the invention, a process isprovided to produce the multicomponent fiber; wherein the processcomprises spinning a multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section;wherein the multicomponent fiber comprises at least one waterdispersible polymer and a plurality of domains comprising one or morewater non-dispersible polymers; wherein the domains are substantiallyisolated from each other by the water dispersible polymer interveningbetween the domains; and wherein the water dispersible polymer ispresent at the perimeter of the outside cross-section of themulticomponent fiber in a proportion of not greater than 55% waterdispersible polymer.

Inventive fibers according to the instant invention may be produced viadifferent techniques. The inventive fibers may for example, be producedvia melt spinning. The inventive fibers according to instant inventionmay be continuous filaments, or in the alternative, the inventive fibersmay be staple fibers. Continuous filaments may further be optionallycrimped, and then cut to produce staple fibers.

In melt spinning, the water dispersible polymer and the waternon-dispersible polymer plus any additional polymers are melt extrudedand forced through the fine orifices in a metallic plate called aspinneret into air or other gas to produce the multicomponent fiber,where it is cooled and solidified. This process is called extrusion orspinning. Spinning also can encompass the process of entanglingfilaments together to produce a yarn. The solidified filaments may bedrawn-off via rotating rolls, or godets, and wound onto bobbins.

The multicomponent fibers of this invention can be used to produceyarns. Yarns are defined as continuous strands of fibers that aresuitable for weaving, knitting, fusing, or otherwise intertwining toproduce a textile article, such as a fabric. In one embodiment of theinvention, the multicomponent fiber is a filament yarn. Filament yarnsare first drawn into continuous lengths of fiber and may be twistedduring post processing. In another embodiment of this invention, themulticomponent fiber is cut into staple lengths and then twisted into acontinuous strand called a spun yarn.

In another embodiment of this invention, the multicomponent fiber can becombined with at least one other fiber to produce a yarn. The yarn maybe a spun yarn or filament yarn. The other fiber can include, but is notlimited to, cotton, linen, silk, sisal/grass, leather, acetate, acrylic,modacrylic, polylactide, saran, cellulosic fiber pulp, inorganic fibers(e.g., glass, carbon, boron, ceramic, and combinations thereof),polyester fibers, nylon fibers, polyolefin fibers, rayon fibers, lyocellfibers, cellulose ester fibers, post-consumer recycled fibers,elastomeric fibers and combinations thereof.

Optionally, the multicomponent fibers may be post processed by varioustechniques, such as, drawing or texturing. Drawn fibers may be texturedand wound-up to form a bulky continuous filament. A one-step techniqueis known in the art as spin-draw-texturing. Other embodiments includeflat filament (non-textured) yarns, or cut staple fiber, either crimpedor uncrimped.

Texturing, as used herein, refers to treating the flat filaments (orfibers) so that they are distorted to have loops, coils, curl, crimps orother deformation (i.e., ‘texture’) along the length of the filaments.Texturing the filaments or fibers increases bulkiness, porosity,elasticity and/or softness of the fiber. Different amounts (or degrees)of texturing can provide filaments and fibers with different properties.Texturing and texturizing may be used interchangeably herein. In FIG. 5,various types of textured fibers or yarns are shown.

The filaments and fibers are then used to make a yarn. The filaments orfibers may be combined with other filaments or fibers to make yarn, andmore than one yarn may be combined together to make a new yarn byprocesses such as texturing, wrapping and the like, as known to one ofskill in the art.

The drawn filaments or fibers may be textured to add crimp ordeformation as well as bulk to the fiber depending on the desiredproperties using processes such as friction disk draw texturing (alsoreferred to as false twist texturing), air jet texturing, knife edgetexturing, stuffer box texturing and draw winding.

Many commercial texturing operations are designed for high productionthroughput and therefore use long heaters that can reach hightemperatures. This enables high draw ratios of partially oriented yarnwhile achieving high yarn velocities. The use of short electric heatersin friction disk draw texturing processes are not as common as longerheaters because with shorter heaters, the throughput of the yarn isreduced or limited.

For some fibers, such as multicomponent fibers having a waterdispersible component, the standard operating conditions and highertemperatures in the heating zone will not allow the texturing process tobe successfully operated. If the temperature is too high, any twist thatis created in the fiber or filaments may cause the entire yarn filamentbundle to fuse while traveling through the heater. The conventionalprocess temperatures significantly reduce the torsional elasticity,which causes the yarn to break due to further twisting forces and/orlongitudinal stain due to draw forces.

Operating heaters at temperatures below 140° C. and providing input/feedyarn that is highly oriented (HOY) is unusual, but the inventors havefound that by providing highly oriented yarn and reducing the heatingtemperature, it is possible to provide textured fibers that are suitablefor further use, such as for subsequent yarn construction steps,non-woven, woven and/or knitting applications.

In an embodiment, the inventive fibers or filaments are texturized usinga friction disk texturing process. An example schematic of a frictiondisk texturing process is shown in FIG. 12. In an embodiment, thefriction disk texturing process comprises the steps of providing a fiberor filament, such as the multicomponent fiber of the invention, to afirst zone wherein the fiber is heated, drawn and twisted; andoptionally, providing the fiber to a second zone wherein the fiber isheated; and finally collecting or winding the fiber for furtherprocessing or use, such as in fabric. In the first zone, the fiber isheated, and the heating temperature is less than the temperature usedfor a fiber without the water dispersible component, such as at least10% less, or at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, atleast 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, or atleast 60% less than the conventional heating temperature for a fiberwithout the water dispersible component having the same waternon-dispersible polymer, same number of total filaments in the fiber,and the same total denier for a given type of equipment. For example,for a conventional fiber, such as, a polyester fiber, the heatingelement in the first zone may be operated at a temperature of about 180to 200° C. or higher. For the texturing process of the invention, theheating element 3 in the friction disk texturing process is operated ata lower temperature, such as a temperature of about 85 to 140° C.,depending on the type of fiber, and in embodiments, the amount of waterdispersible material, and desired properties.

In an exemplary friction disk texturing process, fiber or filaments maybe provided to the first zone via an input shaft or rollers (2 a, 2 b)from a bobbin 1 or other device for holding the filaments known in theart. The first zone is located between rollers 2 and 6 and comprises atleast one heater, optionally at least one cooling plate, and at leastone friction disk. The input shaft (or feed rollers 2 a, 2 b) generallyprovides a uniform tension as the fiber or filament is fed to thetexturing process.

The fiber may be any type of fiber, such as partially oriented yarn(POY) or fiber, highly oriented yarn or fiber (HOY) or fully drawn yarnor fiber (FDY). A partially oriented yarn is a yarn that has been formedusing no significant drawing or heat-setting. This produces a yarn thathas very little orientation. A highly oriented yarn is a yarn that hasbeen formed using some drawing and heat-setting. This produces a yarnthat has some amount of orientation. A fully drawn yarn is a yarn thathas been formed using significant drawing and heat-setting. Thisproduces a yarn that has a significant amount of orientation.

The fiber may be provided to the first zone by any device known in theart to provide tension on the fiber as it is fed to the texturingprocess. The first or primary heater 3 or heating element in the firstzone may be a contact or non-contact heating element, such as anelectric heater (such as a short electric heater), a heating tube, andthe like. The heating element in some embodiments may be from 1 to 3meters long, although other heaters are known in the art.

In the first zone, the fiber or filaments are heated just enough toallow for the polymer chains to move, which allows the fibers to remain‘crimped’ or textured, but not too hot to ‘melt’ the polymers. If thetemperature is too high, the combination of the temperature and drawingforce may cause the multi-component fiber to break, knot and/or fuse orstick together, and the texturing process will be ineffective. If thetemperature is too low (i.e., not hot enough to warm or heat the fiberto impart enough thermal energy), then the texturing process will beunsuccessful, and the resulting fiber will not have the desired textureor may break. The heating zone 3 must be hot enough to allow the fiberto be drawn without breaking.

In embodiments, in the first zone, the fiber is heated and twisted. Inembodiments, the heating and twisting may happen substantiallysimultaneously, while in other embodiments, the heating and twisting maybe controlled independently and happen step wise. Further, after thefiber is heated and twisted, it may be cooled either by contact or bynon-contact means. In embodiments, in the first zone, the fiber isheated, drawn and twisted. In embodiments, the heating, drawing andtwisting may happen substantially simultaneously, while in otherembodiments, the heating, drawing and twisting may be controlledindependently and happen step wise.

Drawing refers to a process for elongating the filaments of the fiber.This may be done by passing the fiber through sets of rollers in series,such as godet pairs, where each subsequent pair of rollers moves fasterthan the previous set to elongate or “draw” the fibers. The fiber isdrawn to the desired strength, toughness and elastic properties. Drawingmay be done cold or hot, depending on the fiber type and desiredproperties. Drawing helps to align or orient the molecules in the fiber.The draw ratio, or amount of draw necessary, will vary depending on thestarting fiber and the desired fiber properties such as denier andstrength.

The first zone may also comprise a cooling zone or a cooling device 4 tocool the fiber. By providing crimp or texture, the fiber will remaincrimped even when untwisted or released from the distorted state. Thecooling device 4 may comprise cooling plates, a water cooling device,such as, water contact tubes, an air cooling device, or a combination ofcooling devices, and the cooling may be done by contact or non-contactmethods. The cooling device 4 or zone removes or transfers heat awayfrom the fiber to reduce the temperature of the fiber, and any coolingdevice or method known in the art may be used.

The first zone comprises at least one twisting unit 5 or other means toimpart a twist to the filaments within the fiber. The twisting unit 5may comprise friction disks or spindles or other devices that contactthe fiber to impart a twist in the yarn. The twisting unit 5 imparts atwist which generally travels back to the input shaft or feed rollers 2a, 2 b as either an “S” or a “Z” twist (clockwise or counterclockwise)and forward to the center shaft or rollers 6 a, 6 b in the oppositedirection to reverse the twist. In embodiments, the fiber or filamentsare twisted while being heated (in the heating zone 3), which texturizesit. Since there is minimal, and in some cases, substantially no nettwist in the fiber or filament after the first zone, this is referred toas a false twist.

The heating device 3, cooling device 4 and twisting unit 5 are spatiallyindependent. In embodiments, the heating device 3, cooling device 4 andtwisting unit 5 are consecutively located in the process (such as shownin FIG. 12).

After the first zone, the fiber may optionally be provided to a secondzone after passing another set of rollers 6 a, 6 b (or a center shaft).The second zone may be a post-heating zone 7, and it may comprise any ofthe same types of heating elements as the first heating zone, or thesecond heating zone 7 may comprise heated godets or other heatedrollers. In the second heating zone 7 (or post-heat zone), when present,the heating temperature may be the same as the temperature used inconventional processes, or the temperature may be less than thetemperature used for a conventional fiber, such as a fiber without waterdispersible component. In the second heating zone 7, the temperature maybe at least 5% less, or at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, atleast 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, atleast 50%, at least 55%, or at least 60% less than the conventionaltemperature for a fiber without the water dispersible component havingthe same water non-dispersible polymer, same number of total filamentsin the fiber, and the same total denier for a given type of equipment.For a conventional fiber, such as a polyester fiber, the second zone 7may be operated at a temperature of about 180° C. or higher to providenon-contact heating to the fiber. For a multicomponent fiber, in someembodiments, the second heating zone 7 is operated at a lowertemperature, such as a temperature of from about 60° C. up to 140° C.for contact heating, or from about 80° C. up to 150° C. for non-contactheating, depending on the type of fiber, the amount of water dispersiblematerial, and desired properties of the fiber. In other embodiments, thesecond heating zone may be operated at the same temperature as forconventional fibers, such as polyester fibers.

In embodiments where no second heating is necessary, the second zone 7may be set to ‘off’ to avoid additional heat. In embodiments, the secondzone 7 helps to control the shrinkage and crimp level of the fiber.Additionally, controlling the speed (or speed difference) between thecenter shaft 6 a, 6 b and the overfeed shaft or rollers 8 a, 8 b (orother device used to take up the fiber) helps to control or adjustshrinkage and crimp levels of the fiber. In embodiments, a secondheating zone 7 is present and is providing heat to stabilize the fiberor reduce the shrinkage level of the fiber.

After the optional second heating zone 7 and rollers 8 a, 8 b, the fiberis then wound up onto a bobbin 10 or other device to collect thetexturized yarn for further use or processing. There may optionally be afinish applicator 9 or other rollers or devices not shown, depending onthe desired set up. Other devices can include an air interlace jet.

In embodiments, multiple different types of fibers may be texturedsimultaneously. In another aspect of the invention, two or more fibersmay be co-textured or textured concurrently in a process similar to thatshown in FIG. 12. The additional fiber(s) may be fed into a separatefirst zone with appropriate heating temperatures depending on the fiber.Each fiber will have its own heating zone 3, and the temperature andconditions of the heating zone for any additional fiber(s) will dependon the composition of the fiber(s). After each heating zone 3, optionalcooling zone 4 and twisting unit 5, the additional fiber(s) may beblended or brought together by any means known in the art. An additionalfiber(s) that is not texturized may also be blended or brought togetherwith the texturized fiber.

The additional fiber(s) can have a different composition and/orconfiguration (e.g., length, minimum transverse dimension, maximumtransverse dimension, cross-sectional shape, or combinations thereof)than the multi-component fibers and can be of any type of fiber that isknown in the art depending on the desired properties and type of fiberto be produced. In one embodiment of the invention, the additional fibercan be selected from the group consisting cotton, linen, silk,sisal/grass, leather, acetate, acrylic, modacrylic, polylactide, saran,cellulosic fiber pulp, inorganic fibers (e.g., glass, carbon, boron,ceramic, and combinations thereof), polyester fibers, nylon fibers,polyolefin fibers, rayon fibers, lyocell fibers, cellulose ester fibers,post-consumer recycled fibers, elastomeric fibers and combinationsthereof. The additional fibers may be present in an amount of at least1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, or 60 weight percent of the total fibercontent and/or not more than 99, 98, 95, 90, 85, 80, 70, 60, or 50weight percent of the total fiber content. In one embodiment, theadditional fiber is selected from polyester fibers, nylon fibers, andelastomeric fibers. In embodiments, the additional fibers may or may notbe texturized.

In another embodiment, the fibers are texturized using an air jettexturing process. In the air jet texturing process, the fibers orfilaments are provided at high speed into an area or chamber where ahigh pressure stream(s) of fluid, such as compressed air, is blown intothe chamber. The air causes the filaments to spread apart and formloops, crimps and/or random entanglements, which are retained after thechamber to form the texture. The fibers or filaments are fed into thechamber at an overfeeding rate (i.e., that is, at a rate faster thanthey are removed from the air jet section or zone). The amount oftexturing can be controlled by process conditions such as the airpressure, type and size of air nozzles, fiber types, and the like.Multiple fibers (or feeds) can be provided to the chamber to provide afinished yarn that has more than one fiber entangled together, such as acore or base yarn and an effect yarn.

In another embodiment, the inventive fibers are texturized using astuffer box texturing process. In a stuffer box texturing process,fibers or filaments pass through a heated “box” or chamber whichprovides a random wavy crimped pattern in the fibers or filaments whenthey are heated. The fibers are fed at an overfeed rate, that is, at arate faster than they are removed from the box or chamber, which allowsthem to crimp while in the box. After exiting the box, the crimped ortextured fibers are cooled using any cooling method known in the art.

In another embodiment, the inventive fibers are texturized using a knifeedge texturing process. In a knife edge texturing process, fibers orfilaments are heated and pulled across a sharp edge or “knife” at anacute angle, which provides a curled appearance (similar to a ribbonthat has been pulled across the blade of a pair of scissors). After thefilaments are pulled across the knife, they are cooled to ‘set’ thetexture and the curl or spring is retained.

After texturing, any of the textured fibers or yarn may then be furtherprocessed or combined with other yarn using processes such as plying,twisting and covering. The yarn may also be package dyed.

The inventive multicomponent fibers can be used to produce any articlesknown in the art. Inventive articles according to the instant inventioninclude, but are not limited to, non-woven fabrics, knitted fabrics,woven fabrics, braids, and combinations thereof. Synthetic fabricscomprising the inventive multicomponent fibers can also be produced,such as, for example, synthetic suede.

The inventive woven fabrics according to the instant invention may befabricated from the inventive multicomponent fibers via differenttechniques. Such methods include, but are not limited to, weaving,braiding, and knitting processes.

In the weaving process, two sets of yarns, i.e. warp and weft, areinterlaced to form the inventive woven fabric. The manner in which thetwo sets of yarns are interlaced determines the weave. The weavingprocess may be achieved via different equipment including, but notlimited to, a Dobby loom, Jacquard loom, and Power loom. By usingvarious combinations of the five basic weaves, i.e. plain, twill, satin,jacquard, and pile, it is possible to produce an almost unlimitedvariety of constructions.

In the knitting process, the inventive fabric is formed by interloopinga series of loops or one or more yarns. The two major classes ofknitting include, but are not limited to, warp knitting and weftknitting.

Warp knitting is a type of knitting in which the yarns generally runlengthwise in the fabric. The yarns are prepared as warps on beams withone or more yarns for each needle. Weft knitting is, however, a commontype of knitting in which one continuous thread runs crosswise in thefabric making all of the loops in one course. Weft knitting types arecircular and flat knitting.

Braiding is a method to produce fabric wherein the interlacing is at anangle other than 90 degrees. To braid is to interweave or twine three ormore separate strands of one or more materials in a diagonallyoverlapping pattern. Compared with the process of weaving, which usuallyinvolves two separate, perpendicular groups of strands (warp and weft),a braid is usually long and narrow, with each component strandfunctionally equivalent in zigzagging forward through the overlappingmass of the other strands resulting in an intersection angle other thanperpendicular.

The woven, knitted, braided, or combination fabrics can be utilized inany article known in the art. The woven, knitted, or braided articlescan be used in any type of apparel, footwear, home decor articles,military applications, and technical applications. Apparel can includesports and outdoor garments, industrial clothing, and everyday useclothing. Examples of sports and outdoor garments include, but are notlimited to, base layers, jackets and vests, woven sports and fishingshirts, pants and shorts, socks, accessories, swimwear, and mid-layers,sweaters, and sweatshirts. Examples of industrial clothing includesmilitary exercise clothing, clean room clothing, personal protectiveequipment, medical drapes and gowns, industrial uniforms, andprescription compression orthopedics. Examples of everyday apparelinclude, but are not limited to, intimate wear, jackets and vests,suits, dresses, oxford and collared woven shirts, skirts, tops, shirts,leggings, tights, pants, shorts and jeans. Footwear includes, but is notlimited to, sandals, boots, hiking boots, trail runners, ski and snowboots, other sports and outdoor footwear, tennis shoes, business shoes,work boots, other everyday and athletic/leisure shoes. Examples of homedecor articles include, but are not limited to, accessories, awnings,bath items, bed linens, bedspreads and comforters, blankets and throws,broadloom carpet, carpet backing, curtains, draperies, fiberfillpaddings, kitchen linens, lampshades, linings, mattress pads, mattressticking, oriental folk and designer rugs, outdoor carpeting/upholstery,passementerie (fringe), scatter and accent rugs, slipcovers, tableclothsand linens, upholstery, wallcoverings, wall tapestries, cleaning cloths,and woven floor mats and squares. Technical applications include, butare not limited to, barrier fabrics, geotextiles, and auto fabrics.Examples of barrier fabrics include, but are not limited to, clean roomcloths, filtration, flags and banners, packaging, and tapes. Autofabrics include, but are not limited to, auto upholstery, airbags, andother auto fabrics. Geotextiles include permeable fabrics which, whenused in association with son, have the ability to separate, filter,reinforce, protect, or drain.

The non-woven fabrics according to the instant invention may befabricated via different techniques. Such methods include, but are notlimited to, melt blown process, spun-bond process, carded web process,air laid process, thermo-calendering process, adhesive bonding process,hot air bonding process, needle punch process, hydroentangling process,electrospinning process, and combinations thereof.

In the melt blown process, the inventive non-woven fabric is formed byextruding molten water dispersible polymer and water non-dispersiblepolymer in addition to any other polymers known in the art through adie, then, attenuating and/or optionally breaking the resultingfilaments with hot, high-velocity air or stream thereby forming short orlong fiber lengths collected on a moving screen where they bond duringcooling.

In the alternative, the melt blown process generally includes thefollowing steps: (a) extruding strands from a spinneret; (b)simultaneously quenching and attenuating the polymer stream immediatelybelow the spinneret using streams of high velocity heated air; (c)collecting the drawn strands into a web on a foraminous surface. Meltblown webs can be bonded by a variety of means including, but notlimited to, autogeneous bonding, i.e. self bonding without furthertreatment, thermo-calendering process, adhesive bonding process, hot airbonding process, needle punch process, hydroentangling process, andcombinations thereof.

In the spunbond process, the fabrication of non-woven fabric includesthe following steps: (a) extruding strands of the water dispersiblepolymer and water non-dispersible polymer in addition to any otherpolymers known in the art from a spinneret; (b) quenching the strandswith a flow of air which is generally cooled in order to hasten thesolidification of the molten strands; (c) attenuating the filaments byadvancing them through the quench zone with a draw tension that can beapplied by either pneumatically entraining the filaments in an airstream or by wrapping them around mechanical draw rolls of the typecommonly used in the textile fibers industry; (d) collecting the drawnstrands into a web on a foraminous surface, e.g. moving screen or porousbelt; and (e) bonding the web of loose strands into the non-wovenfabric. Bonding can be achieved by a variety of means including, but notlimited to, thermo-calendering process, adhesive bonding process, hotair bonding process, needle punch process, hydroentangling process, andcombinations thereof.

The inventive multicomponent fibers may be used to produce a widevariety of nonwoven articles including filter media (e.g., HEPA filters,ULPA filters, coalescent filters, liquid filters, desalination filters,automotive filters, coffee filters, tea bags, and vacuum dust bags),battery separators, personal hygiene articles, sanitary napkins,tampons, diapers, disposable wipes (e.g., automotive wipes, baby wipes,hand and body wipes, floor cleaning wipes, facial wipes, toddler wipes,dusting and polishing wipes, and nail polish removal wipes), flexiblepackaging (e.g., envelopes, food packages, multiwall bags, andterminally sterilized medical packages), geotextiles (e.g., weedbarriers, irrigation barriers, erosion barriers, and seed supportmedia), building and construction materials (e.g., housing envelopes,moisture barrier film, gypsum board, wall paper, asphalt, papers,roofing underlayment, and decorative materials), surgical and medicalmaterials (e.g., surgical drapes and gowns, bone support media, andtissue support media), security papers (e.g., currency paper, gaming andlottery paper, bank notes, and checks), cardboard, recycled cardboard,synthetic leather and suede, automotive headliners, personal protectivegarments, acoustical media, concrete reinforcement, flexible perform forcompression molded composites, electrical materials (e.g., transformerboards, cable wrap and fillers, slot insulations, capacitor papers, andlampshade), catalytic support membranes, thermal insulation, labels,food packaging materials (e.g., aseptic, liquid packaging board,tobacco, release, pouch and packet, grease resistant, ovenable board,cup stock, food wrap, and coated one side), and printing and publishingpapers (e.g., water and tear resistant printing paper, trade book,banners, map and chart, opaque, and carbonless). In one embodiment, thenonwoven article is selected from the group consisting of a batteryseparator, a high efficiency filter, and a high strength paper.

Additional nonwoven articles and the processes to produce such nonwovenarticles are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,989,193, US Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2005/0282008, US Patent Application Publication No.2006/0194047, U.S. Pat. No. 7,687,143, US Patent Application No.2008/0311815, and US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0160859,the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

A binder dispersion may be applied to the nonwoven article by any methodknown in the art. In one embodiment, the binder dispersion is applied asan aqueous dispersion to the nonwoven article by spraying or rolling thebinder dispersion onto the nonwoven article. Subsequent to applying thebinder dispersion, the nonwoven article and the binder dispersion can besubjected to a drying step in order to allow the binder to set.

The binder dispersion may comprise a synthetic resin binder and/or aphenolic resin binder. The synthetic resin binder is selected from thegroup consisting of acrylic copolymers, styrenic copolymers,styrene-butadiene copolymers, vinyl copolymers, polyurethanes,sulfopolyesters, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the bindercan comprise a blend of different sulfopolyesters having differentsulfomonomer contents. For example, at least one of the sulfopolyesterscomprises at least 15 mole percent of sulfomonomer and at least 45 molepercent of CHDM (consider spelling out the first time) and/or at leastone of the sulfopolyesters comprises less than 10 mole percent ofsulfomonomer and at least 70 mole percent of CHDM. The amount ofsulfomonomer present in a sulfopolyester greatly affects itswater-permeability. In another embodiment, the binder can be comprisedof a sulfopolyester blend comprising at least one hydrophilicsulfopolyester and at least one hydrophobic sulfopolyester. An exampleof a hydrophilic sulfopolyester that can be useful as a binder is Eastek1100® by EASTMAN. Likewise, an example of a hydrophobic sulfopolyesteruseful as a binder includes Eastek 1200® by EASTMAN. These twosulfopolyesters may be blended accordingly to optimize thewater-permeability of the binder. Depending on the desired end use forthe nonwoven article, the binder may be either hydrophilic orhydrophobic.

Undissolved or dried sulfopolyesters are known to form strong adhesivebonds to a wide array of substrates, including, but not limited to fluffpulp, cotton, acrylics, rayon, lyocell, PLA (polylactides), celluloseacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly(ethylene) terephthalate,poly(butylene) terephthalate, poly(trimethylene) terephthalate,poly(cyclohexylene) terephthalate, copolyesters, polyamides (e.g.,nylons), stainless steel, aluminum, treated polyolefins, PAN(polyacrylonitriles), and polycarbonates. Thus, sulfopolyesters functionas excellent binders for the nonwoven article. Therefore, our novelnonwoven articles may have multiple functionalities when asulfopolyester binder is utilized.

The nonwoven article may further comprise a coating. After the nonwovenarticle and the optional binder dispersion are subjected to drying, acoating may be applied to the nonwoven article. The coating can comprisea decorative coating, a printing ink, a barrier coating, an adhesivecoating, or a heat seal coating. In another example, the coating cancomprise a liquid barrier and/or a microbial barrier.

After producing the nonwoven article, adding the optional binder, and/orafter adding the optional coating, the nonwoven article may undergo aheat setting step comprising heating the nonwoven article to atemperature of at least 100° C., and more preferably to at least about120° C. The heat setting step relaxes out internal fiber stresses andaids in producing a dimensionally stable fabric product. It is preferredthat when the heat set material is reheated to the temperature to whichit was heated during the heat setting step that it exhibits surface areashrinkage of less than about 10, 5, or 1 percent of its original surfacearea. However, if the nonwoven article is subjected to heat setting,then the nonwoven article may not be repulpable and/or recycled byrepulping the nonwoven article after use.

The term “repulpable,” as used herein, refers to any nonwoven articlethat has not been subjected to heat setting and is capable ofdisintegrating at 3,000 rpm at 1.2 percent consistency after 5,000,10,000, or 15,000 revolutions according to TAPPI standards.

In another aspect of the invention, the nonwoven article can furthercomprise at least one or more additional fibers. The additional fiberscan have a different composition and/or configuration (e.g., length,minimum transverse dimension, maximum transverse dimension,cross-sectional shape, or combinations thereof) than the ribbon fibersand can be of any type of fiber that is known in the art depending onthe type of nonwoven article to be produced. In one embodiment of theinvention, the additional fiber can be selected from the groupconsisting cellulosic fiber pulp, inorganic fibers (e.g., glass, carbon,boron, ceramic, and combinations thereof), polyester fibers, nylonfibers, polyolefin fibers, rayon fibers, lyocell fibers, cellulose esterfibers, post-consumer recycled fibers, and combinations thereof. Thenonwoven article can comprise additional fibers in an amount of at least10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, or 60 weight percent of the nonwoven articleand/or not more than 99, 98, 95, 90, 85, 80, 70, 60, or 50 weightpercent of the nonwoven article. In one embodiment, the additional fiberis a cellulosic fiber that comprises at least 10, 25, or 40 weightpercent and/or no more than 80, 70, 60, or 50 weight percent of thenonwoven article. The cellulosic fibers can comprise hardwood pulpfibers, softwood pulp fibers, and/or regenerated cellulose fibers. Inanother embodiment, at least one of the additional fibers is a glassfiber that has a minimum transverse dimension of less than 30, 25, 10,8, 6, 4, 2, or 1 microns.

The nonwoven article can further comprise one or more additives. Theadditives may be added to the wet lap of water non-dispersiblemicrofibers prior to subjecting the wet lap to a wet-laid or dry-laidprocess. Additives include, but are not limited to, starches, fillers,light and heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, extrusion aids, dyes,anticounterfeiting markers, slip agents, tougheners, adhesion promoters,oxidative stabilizers, UV absorbers, colorants, pigments, opacifiers(delustrants), optical brighteners, fillers, nucleating agents,plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, surface modifiers, antimicrobials,antifoams, lubricants, thermostabilizers, emulsifiers, disinfectants,cold flow inhibitors, branching agents, oils, waxes, and catalysts. Thenonwoven article can comprise at least 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 weight percentand/or not more than 10, 5, or 2 weight percent of one or moreadditives.

Generally, manufacturing processes to produce nonwoven articles frommulticomponent fibers can be split into the following groups: dry-laidwebs, wet-laid webs, combinations of these processes with each other, orother nonwoven processes.

Generally, dry-laid nonwoven articles are made with staple fiberprocessing machinery that is designed to manipulate fibers in a drystate. These include mechanical processes, such as carding, aerodynamic,and other air-laid routes. Also included in this category are nonwovenarticles made from filaments in the form of tow, fabrics composed ofstaple fibers, and stitching filaments or yards (should this be cards?)(i.e., stitchbonded nonwovens). Carding is the process of disentangling,cleaning, and intermixing fibers to make a web for further processinginto a nonwoven article. The process predominantly aligns the fiberswhich are held together as a web by mechanical entanglement andfiber-fiber friction. Cards (e.g., a roller card) are generallyconfigured with one or more main cylinders, roller or stationary tops,one or more doffers, or various combinations of these principalcomponents. The carding action is the combing or working of the waternon-dispersible microfibers between the points of the card on a seriesof interworking card rollers. Types of cards include roller, woolen,cotton, and random cards. Garnetts can also be used to align thesefibers.

The multicomponent fibers in the dry-laid process can also be aligned byair-laying. These fibers are directed by air current onto a collectorwhich can be a flat conveyor or a drum.

Wet laid processes involve the use of papermaking technology to producenonwoven articles. These nonwoven articles are made with machineryassociated with pulp fiberizing (e.g., hammer mills) and paperforming(e.g., slurry pumping onto continuous screens which are designed tomanipulate short fibers in a fluid).

In one embodiment of the wet-laid process, multicomponent fibers aresuspended in water, brought to a forming unit wherein the water isdrained off through a forming screen, and the fibers are deposited onthe screen wire.

In another embodiment of the wet-laid process, multicomponent fibers aredewatered on a sieve or a wire mesh which revolves at high speeds of upto 1,500 meters per minute at the beginning of hydraulic formers overdewatering modules (e.g., suction boxes, foils, and curatures). Thesheet is dewatered to a solid content of approximately 20 to 30 percent.The sheet can then be pressed and dried.

The nonwoven article can be held together by 1) mechanical fibercohesion and interlocking in a web or mat; 2) various techniques offusing of fibers, including the use of binder fibers and/or utilizingthe thermoplastic properties of certain polymers and polymer blends; 3)use of a binding resin such as a starch, casein, a cellulose derivative,or a synthetic resin, such as an acrylic copolymer latex, a styreniccopolymer, a vinyl copolymer, a polyurethane, or a sulfopolyester; 4)use of powder adhesive binders; or 5) combinations thereof. The fibersare often deposited in a random manner, although orientation in onedirection is possible, followed by bonding using one of the methodsdescribed above. In one embodiment, the multicomponent fibers can besubstantially evenly distributed throughout the nonwoven article.

The nonwoven articles also may comprise one or more layers ofwater-dispersible fibers, multicomponent fibers, or microdenier fibers.

The nonwoven articles may also include various powders and particulatesto improve the absorbency of the nonwoven article and its ability tofunction as a delivery vehicle for other additives. Examples of powdersand particulates include, but are not limited to, talc, starches,various water absorbent, water-dispersible, or water swellable polymers(e.g., super absorbent polymers, sulfopolyesters, and poly(vinylalcohols)), silica, activated carbon, pigments, and microcapsules. Aspreviously mentioned, additives may also be present, but are notrequired, as needed for specific applications.

EXAMPLES Example 1

A sulfopolyester polymer was prepared with the following diacid and diolcomposition: diacid composition (71.5 mole percent terephthalic acid,20.0 mole percent isophthalic acid, and 8.5 mole percent 5-(sodiosulfo)isophthalic acid) and diol composition (65 mole percent ethylene glycoland 35 mole percent diethylene glycol). The sulfopolyester was preparedby high temperature polyesterification under a vacuum. Theesterification conditions were controlled to produce a sulfopolyesterhaving an inherent viscosity of about 0.33. The melt viscosity of thissulfopolyester was measured to be in the range of about 6,000 to 8,000poise at 240° C. and 1 rad/sec shear rate.

Example 2

The sulfopolyester polymer of Example 1 and full dull 0.64 IV PETobtained from Nanya Plastics Corporation were spun into bicomponent“striped” cross-section fibers with 11 total stripes present in thecross-section as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The multicomponent fiber inFIG. 1 having five PET stripes is a comparative example in that itcontains about 56.5% sulfopolyester on the perimeter of themulticomponent fiber (Five PET Stripe Multicomponent Fiber). Themulticomponent fiber in FIG. 2 represents an embodiment of thisinvention containing six PET stripes with only 17.6% sulfopolyester onthe perimeter of the multicomponent fiber (Six PET Stripe MulticomponentFiber). In addition, the multicomponent fiber in FIG. 2 has PET stripesas the outer stripes rather than sulfopolyester as shown in FIG. 1.

These bicomponent fibers were spun using an extrusion temperature of285° C. for the polyester component and 275° C. for the waterdispersible sulfopolyester component. This bicomponent fiber contained amultiplicity of filaments (44 filaments) and was melt spun at a speed ofabout 1240 meters/minute, forming filaments with a nominal denier perfilament of 5.3. The filaments of the bicomponent fiber were then drawnin line using a set of two godet rolls, heated to 80° C. and 125° C.,respectively, and the final draw roll operating at a speed of about 3035meters/minute to provide a filament draw ratio of about 2.45×, thusforming the drawn stripe bicomponent filaments with a nominal denier perfilament of about 2.15. The drawn bicomponent fibers were then woundinto bobbins, and then woven into fabric. The fabric was washed usingsoft water at 130° C. to remove the water dispersible sulfopolyestercomponent, thereby releasing the “flat” or ribbon-shaped polyestermicrofibers component of the bicomponent fibers. The resultingmicrofibers were rinsed using soft water at 25° C. These filamentscomprised essentially “flat” polyester microfibers having a transversethickness of about 1.5 microns and an average transverse width of 10-12microns.

Example 3

A finish oil in a water emulsion was applied to the multicomponentfibers produced in Example 2. Testing was done with a range of Finish onYarn (FOY) of 0.5 to 2 wt % of dry fiber. The FOY measurement can bemade by extraction or NMR and is done commonly at most spinningmanufacturing operations. It was found that the 5 Stripe PET Fiber ofExample 2, which is a multi-component fiber having greater than 55%water dispersible polymer, in this case sulfopolyester, at the perimeterdemonstrated significant fusing between the individual multicomponentfibers. This fusing created difficulties in winding and yarn handling asit was very difficult to get any air interlace into the bundle topromote bundle entanglement. Not being bound by theory, it was suspectedthat the sulfopolyester had interactions with the finish emulsioncomponents that reduced the effective Tg of the sulfopolyester andpromoted sticking or adhesion between adjacent multicomponent fiberswhere the sulfopolyester portion of the multicomponent fiber perimeterswere in contact. The yarn was very dense due to the sticking between theindividual multicomponent fibers, which resulted in very dense bobbins.A dense bobbin results in high contact between the fibers promotingsticking between the wraps on the bobbin. Measuring the unwind tensionof these bobbins showed high tension that would increase as you wentfurther into the bobbin. Thus, there was a tension profile as a bobbinwas unwound starting low and increasing until the end of the bobbin wasreached or the yarn broke. It was frequently found that the yarn brokebefore reaching the tube.

When similar testing was done with the multicomponent fiber of FIG. 2(Six PET Stripe) having less than 55% of water dispersible polymer onthe perimeter, it was found that the unwind tension was significantlymore uniform with a minimal unwind profile for 6 stripe PET fibersproduced with the same finish.

Example 4

In any typical spinning process to create fiber and yarn, a finish oilis required for yarn lubrication and static control during processing.The finish is typically applied to the yarn in the process as an aqueousemulsion. For a fiber that contains a water dispersible component, theapplication of the water can create significant issues in processing asthe yarn can absorb a portion of the water and become sticky. Further,it is possible that the components of the finish oil, such asemulsifiers, can interact with the water dispersible polymer and furthercreate sticking and poor performance.

As an example, a comparison was made between bobbins produced with a 5Stripe PET cross section (FIG. 1) and a 6 Stripe PET cross section (FIG.2). The aqueous finish emulsion comprised a 10% oil emulsion usingLurol® 748 (Goulston Technologies). The finish emulsion was applied at arate such that the amount of oil on the dry yarn would be ˜1.5% byweight.

Each bobbin type was placed on a creel, and the yarn was unwound with apneumatic air jet. An assessment was then made as to whether the yarnwas successfully removed from the bobbin. Results are shown in Table 1.The values in the table indicate that none of the bobbins made as FIG. 1(Five Stripe PET Multicomponent Fiber) would unwind completely withoutbreaking, whereas all of the bobbins made as FIG. 2 (Six Stripe PETMulticomponent Fiber) were completely removed. This demonstrates thatthe higher percentage of water dispersible polymer on the perimeter ofbobbins made as FIG. 1 resulted in a more sticky yarn and was notsuitable for downstream processing into fabrics.

TABLE 1 % bobbins with Bobbin full yarn removal Five StripeMulticomponent 0 Fiber (FIG. 1) Six Stripe Multicomponent 100 Fiber(FIG. 2)

It is known the bobbins produced with the 5 Stripe PET cross sectionmulticomponent fiber must be stored below a range of temperature andrelative humidity (RH %) or it promotes sticking within the bobbin andcreated significant unwinding problems. Since the sulfopolyester ishydrophilic, it can tend to absorb moisture from the environment whichcan lower the Tg (glass transition temperature) and can promote stickingbetween the wound fibers in the bobbin. The Tg of a waterdispersiblepolymer can be greatly impacted by the RH% of theenvironment. It has been found that the inventive Six PET stripe crosssection multicomponent fiber having less exposed sulfopolyester and thusless contact points of the sulfopolyester component between adjacentmulti-component fibers is less sensitive to this phenomenon.

Example 5

The water dispersible component of a multicomponent fiber may havehigher friction properties than the water non-dispersible polymercomponent. The Five Stripe Pet Multicomponent Fiber shown in FIG. 1 wasfound to show higher frictional properties than the Six StripeMulticomponent Fiber of Example 2 and shown in FIG. 2 as demonstrated bymeasuring the force required to pull a yarn through a length of tubing.Minimizing the amount of sulfopolyester on the surface of themulticomponent fiber reduced this frictional force component and allowedthe multicomponent fiber to perform more like a typical mono componentfiber.

The amount of frictional wear a yarn creates on a surface is importantto the cost and reliability of the downstream processing of the yarn toform fabric constructions. To evaluate the frictional wear performanceof a yarn, an abrasion test was run. The instrument used was a CTT-EModel LH-450 instrument manufactured by Lawson Hemphill Inc. (Swansea,Mass.) which is a common instrument used by the industry for measuringyarn properties. In this test, the yarn is pulled against a standardizedcopper wire, and the number of cycles required to cut through the wireare recorded.

Using this apparatus, a comparison was made between bobbins producedwith a “5 stripe” cross section (FIG. 1) and a “6 stripe” cross section(FIG. 2) produced in Example 2.

Table 2 shows the recorded number of cycles required for each producttype to cut through the wire. Note that the 5 Stripe MulticomponentFiber with the higher percentage of water dispersible polymer on theperimeter required significantly less cycles to cut the wire indicatinga higher frictional wear yarn.

TABLE 2 Number of Cycles Bobbin for wire breakage Six StripeMulticomponent 424 Fiber(Ex. 2) Five Stripe Multicomponent 508 Fiber(Ex. 2)

Example 6

Two typical ways to create multicomponent melt spun fiber are the FDY(fully drawn yarn) and the POY/DTY (partially oriented yarn followed bydraw & texturizing) spinning processes. These are commonly practicedspinning processes known in the art.

In general, the FDY process consists of conditioning the polymermaterials (typically by drying), melting the polymers using some type ofscrew extruder, metering and combining the melts of the differentcomponents in a spin pack that has a design to selectively meter thepolymers as needed to each spin orifice to create the target crosssectional geometry, extruding the multi-component melt through a seriesof spin holes, quenching and spin drawing the fiber, processing thefiber over a series of heated rolls to prepare the fiber for a hot draw,then hot drawing between a pair of rolls, followed by the heat treatmentof the fully drawn yarn, interlacing the yarn (if desired), and finallywinding the yarn into a bobbin. Note in the FDY process, the woundbobbin is the final yarn product and is ready for downstream conversioninto an article.

In general, the POY is similar to the FDY process until the melt isextruded from the spin pack. In POY, essentially all of the process drawoccurs between the pack and the first set of draw rolls. This createssome orientation in the yarn, but it is not fully drawn and there is noheat set—so the yarn has minimal crystallinity. The POY yarn has ahigher Elongation-to-Break percentage and a lower tenacity than a FDYyarn. This POY yarn will be drawn, possibly textured and heat set in aseparate process. Note that there is no drying step in the typical POYspinning process, so the yarn will be wound with a much higher moisturecontent that the FDY yarn.

The comparative 5 stripe PET cross section multicomponent fiber havingabout 56.5% sulfopolyester on the fiber surface perimeter was found tobe very sensitive to the spin process conditions. Althought not wishingto be bound by theory, as the fiber is exposed to the finish emulsionand then heated to prepare for the drawing step, there may be acompetition between the evaporation of the water applied in the finishemulsion and the diffusion of the water into the water dispersiblepolymer component. It was found that the 5 PET stripe multicomponentfiber was very sensitive to the temperature of the rolls and it waspossible to diffuse enough water into the sulfopolyester prior to thewater evaporating to create fiber sticking and winding problems.

In the POY spinning process, it was found the 5 PET stripe cross sectionmulticomponent fiber had two additional issues. First, thesulfopolyester component contributed little to the overall fiberstrength (strength is mostly carried by the water non-dispersiblepolymer component) but it does contribute to the multicomponent fibermass. At the typical winding speeds for a POY spinning process (range of3000-3600 mpm), it was found that the low strength of the multicomponentPOY fiber combined with the high mass caused the fiber to deform whilebeing wound which destabilized the winding and caused breaks. Second,the high moisture of the wound POY fiber interacted with thesulfopolyester on the surface of the fibers and created significantamounts of sticking which prevented uniform unwinding.

The 6 PET stripe cross section multicomponent fiber having about 17.6%sulfopolyester on the fiber surface perimeter was found to be much lesssensitive to the process conditions and had much reduced problems withsticking and winding. The 6 PET stripe cross section multicomponentfiber performed well in the POY spinning process as the reduced amountof sulfopolyester contributed less to the fiber mass. Further, the 6 PETstripe cross section multicomponent fiber did not appear to demonstratesignificant sticking with the higher amount of moisture present in thePOY bobbins. It was found that doing some drying of a POY yarn thatcontained the water dispersible polymer component before winding can bepossibly advantageous for extending the shelf life of the multicomponentPOY bobbin.

Example 7

Another example of a cross section that can be used in this invention isthe segmented pie cross section. In this cross section, the waterdispersible and non-water dispersible polymers are alternately arrangedin wedge shapes symmetrically around the fiber center. In addition, itmay be desirable to distribute the polymers such that there is someadditional amount of the water dispersible polymer provided to thecenter of the multi-component fiber to promote the separation of thewedges during the removal of the water dispersible component.

The sulfopolyester polymer of Example land Nanya® full dull 0.64 IV PETwere spun into segmented pie bicomponent cross-section fibers with 32total segments present in the cross-section as shown in FIG. 4. 16 ofthe segments were comprised of the sulfopolyester and 16 segments werecomprised of the Nanya® PET. The ratio of the Nanya® PET to thesulfopolyester comprising the fiber was 85:15, and the segments weredistributed in a symmetric arrangement, thus no more than 15% of theouter perimeter of the fiber was comprised of the sulfopolyester. Someamount of sulfopolyester was distributed to the center of the fiber(˜10% of total sulfopolyester feed). The cross section of this exampleis shown in FIG. 4. These bicomponent fibers were spun using anextrusion temperature of 285° C. for the Nanya® polyester component and275° C. for the water dispersible sulfopolyester component. Thecontinuous spun bicomponent yarn contained a multiplicity of filaments(40 filaments—each filament with the 32 segments) and was melt spun at aspeed of about 1015 meters/minute, forming filaments with a nominaldenier per filament of 7.4. The filaments of the bicomponent fiber werethen drawn in line using a set of two godet rolls, heated to 85° C. and125° C., respectively, and the final draw roll operating at a speed ofabout 3030 meters/minute to provide a filament draw ratio of about 2.9×,thus forming the drawn segmented pie bicomponent filaments with anominal denier per filament of about 2.5. The drawn bicomponent fiberswere then heat set and wound into bobbins. Once the sulfopolyester isremoved in downstream processing the resulting individual segments ofPET would be approximately 0.13 dpf.

Comparative Example 8

Numerous attempts to texturize samples of highly oriented (HOY) sixstripe bicomponent “striped” cross-section fibers or filaments (FIG. 2)were attempted over the course of 5 to 6 hours, but it was difficult tothread-up (or simply run) the bicomponent fiber through a friction diskdraw texture machine. The friction disk draw machine had the followingelements: first heating zone having a heating element 3 meters long anda temperature of 180° C., a twisting unit and a cooling zone; secondheating zone having a heating element, and an overfeed shaft. Variouscombinations of input feed yarn, draw ratios, speeds, and D/Y ratioswere evaluated. In each case, the yarn would break before the twistingunit and never reach the second heater or overfeed shaft. Thetemperature of the first heating element was set to 180° C., atemperature conventionally used for standard polyester yarn. It wasnoted that the filaments were very brittle and sometimes fused togetherwhen they came out of the first heating element, and it was not possibleto texturize the fibers or was not able to make a yarn.

Example 9

Additional attempts to texturize samples of highly oriented (HOY)bicomponent “striped” cross-section fibers were attempted using theprocess described in Comparative Example 1, except that the firstheating element was operated at a lower temperature of about 85° C. inthe first zone. In this example, the 3-meter long heater was incapableof maintaining the lower temperature, so a different electric 1-meterlong heater was used with the yarn moving at 500 m/min. The startingfibers were run through the system to produce good yarn by setting theheater in the first zone to about 85° C.

Example 10

After determining that good textured yarn could be produced using thelower heater temperature in the first zone, additional starting yarn wastexturized. Multiple bobbins of yarn were produced by running thestarting yarn packages at different conditions. Many samples of sixstrip bicomponent “striped” cross-section fibers (FIG. 2) produced werethen evaluated to determine the amount or range of texturization. Thesamples were produced by varying parameters such as input feed (denier,cross section, % sulfopolyester component, % FOY, and elongation),stabilizer (or overfeed shaft draw), D/Y ratio, disk configuration, diskmaterial, % take-up (overfeed shaft to bobbin speed), draw ratio,primary heater temperature and godet temperature.

The first heating element was varied from 85 to 120° C. The secondheating element was varied from 75 to 110° C. Draw ratio was varied fromjust over 1.0 to just over 2.0, D/Y ratio varied from about 1.7 to 4.0,and denier of the feed yarn varied from about 140 to just over 260. Feedyarn used was either FDY or POY yarn. Details of the heatertemperatures, type of starting yarn, draw ratio and D/Y ratio conditionsused to produce the yarn are shown in the Table 3.

TABLE 3 First Second Type Draw Heater D/Y Heater 1 FDY 1.06 85 2.7 75 2FDY 1.02 85 2.7 75 3 FDY 1.06 85 1.7 85 4 POY 1.13 85 2.7 75 5 POY 1.285 2.7 95 6 POY 1.2 90 2.7 75 7 POY 1.2 95 2.7 75 8 POY 1.2 100 2.7 75 9POY 1.2 100 2.7 105 10 POY 1.2 110 2.7 95 11 POY 1.2 115 2.7 95 12 POY1.2 115 2.7 95 13 POY 1.2 120 2.7 75 14 POY 1.2 85 2.7 95 15 POY 1.33 852.7 75 16 POY 1.43 85 2.7 75 17 POY 1.43 85 2.7 95 18 POY 1.43 85 2.7110 19 POY 1.43 110 2.7 95 20 POY 1.43 85 2.7 75 21 POY 1.43 85 2.7 9522 POY 1.43 85 2.7 110 23 POY 1.43 90 2.7 75 24 POY 1.43 95 2.7 75 25POY 1.43 100 2.7 75 26 POY 1.43 100 2.7 105 27 POY 1.43 110 2.7 95 28POY 1.43 120 2.7 75 29 POY 1.62 85 2.7 75 30 POY 1.62 85 2.7 95 31 POY1.62 85 2.7 110 32 POY 1.62 100 2.7 75 33 POY 1.62 110 4 110 34 POY 2.0285 2.7 95 35 POY 2.02 85 2.7 110 36 POY 2.02 90 2.7 75 37 POY 2.02 952.7 75 38 POY 2.02 100 2.5 75 39 POY 2.02 100 3.5 75 40 POY 2.02 110 2.5110 41 POY 1.4 100 4 110

All of the conditions shown in Table 3 produced yarn suitable forfurther processing into fabric or other materials.

Example 11

After running the tests as described in Example 10, additional sixstripe bicomponent fiber (FIG. 2) was textured in the friction diskprocess of the invention at a selected set of conditions to produceabout 120 bobbins of yarn for further use (such as in knitting, weaving,covering, and the like). The friction disk machine was a SSM modelRG12DTB using 1-6-1 ceramic friction disks and a one-meter primaryheater in the primary heating zone. The primary heater temperature wasset to 100° C., and the processing speed was about 800 m/min. Thesecondary heating zone used a godet roll set to a temperature of 110° C.The DN ratio (circumferential speed of disks/throughput of yarn) wasabout 4.0, and the draw ratio was about 1.4. Using these conditions,acceptable textured yarn was produced for further processing into fabricor other materials.

As shown and described above, using the texturizing process of thepresent invention provides yarn that is thicker or bulkier than yarnfrom non-texturized yarn processes. Further, using the texturizingprocess of the present invention with a multi-component fiber asdescribed provides a thicker or bulkier yarn than standard polyesteryarns. As shown in the graphs in FIGS. 6 and 7, the yarns that aretexturized using the friction disk process of the invention are thickeror bulkier than those that are not texturized using the inventiveprocess. As shown in FIG. 6, the texturized fibers from the process ofthe invention in a double-knit configuration have about 41% morethickness than the same type of yarn or fibers that are fully drawn butnot texturized. While single knit allows both yarn bundles to thicken,as shown in FIG. 7, the texturized fibers from the process of theinvention in a single knit configuration have about 8% more thicknessthan the control yarn or fibers which are fully drawn but nottexturized.

FIGS. 8A and 8B visually depict the yarns that are shown in FIG. 6 indouble knit interlock construction. The pictures were taken at 500×magnification. As shown in FIG. 8B, the yarn texturized using theprocess of the invention is thicker or bulkier than the fully drawn yarn(FDY). FIGS. 9A and 9B visually depict the yarns that are shown in FIG.7 in single knit jersey construction. The pictures were taken at 500×magnification. As shown in FIGS. 9B, the yarn of the invention isthicker or bulkier. FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A and 11B show the same yarns at100× magnification.

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for texturing a multicomponent fiberhaving a shaped cross section, the steps comprising: (A) providing amulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least onewater dispersible polymer; and a plurality of domains comprising one ormore water non-dispersible polymers, wherein said domains aresubstantially isolated from each other by said water dispersible polymerintervening between said domains; and (B) passing the multicomponentfiber through a first zone comprising a first heating device and atwisting unit, wherein the first heating device has a heatingtemperature that is at least 10% less than the temperature used for afiber without the water dispersible component having the same waternon-dispersible polymer, same number of total filaments in the fiber,and the same total denier for a given type of equipment and processconditions.
 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the first zone comprisesa cooling zone, and the step of passing the multicomponent fiber througha first zone further comprises providing a twist to the multicomponentfiber and cooling the multicomponent fiber.
 3. The process of claim 1,further comprising a step (C) passing the fiber through a second zone,wherein the second zone comprises a second heating device.
 4. Theprocess of claim 3, wherein the second heating device comprises at leastone godet roller.
 5. The process of claim 3, wherein the heatingtemperature of the second heating device is at least 10% less than thetemperature used for a fiber without the water dispersible componenthaving the same water non-dispersible polymer, same number of totalfilaments in the fiber, and the same total denier for a given type ofequipment and process conditions.
 6. The process of claim 1, furthercomprising providing at least one additional fiber different from themulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least onewater dispersible polymer, and texturing the additional fiber with themulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least onewater dispersible polymer to form a textured yarn comprising at leasttwo different fibers; optionally, the additional fiber is amulticomponent fiber.
 7. The process of claim 1, wherein the heatingtemperature of the first heating device is at least 15% less than thetemperature used fora fiber without the water dispersible componenthaving the same water non-dispersible polymer, same number of totalfilaments in the fiber, and the same total denier for a given type ofequipment and process conditions.
 8. A process for texturing amulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section, the stepscomprising: (A) providing a multicomponent fiber having a shaped crosssection and at least one water dispersible polymer; and a plurality ofdomains comprising one or more water non-dispersible polymers, whereinsaid domains are substantially isolated from each other by said waterdispersible polymer intervening between said domains; (B) passing themulticomponent fiber through a first zone comprising a heating device, atwisting unit and a cooling zone, wherein the step of passing themulticomponent fiber through a first zone comprises heating themulticomponent fiber, providing a twist to the multicomponent fiber andcooling the multicomponent fiber, and wherein the first heating devicehas a heating temperature that is at least 10% less than the temperatureused for a fiber without the water dispersible component having the samewater non-dispersible polymer, same number of total filaments in thefiber, and the same total denier for a given type of equipment andprocess conditions; and (C) optionally, passing the fiber through asecond zone, wherein the second zone comprises a second heating device.9. The process of claim 8, wherein the second heating device comprisesat least one godet roller.
 10. The process of claim 8, furthercomprising providing at least one additional fiber different from themulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least onewater dispersible polymer, and texturing the additional fiber with themulticomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least onewater dispersible polymer to form a textured yarn comprising at leasttwo different fibers; optionally, the additional fiber is amulticomponent fiber.
 11. The process of claim 8, wherein the heatingtemperature of the first heating device is at least 15% less than thetemperature used for a fiber without the water dispersible componenthaving the same water non-dispersible polymer, same number of totalfilaments in the fiber, and the same total denier for a given type ofequipment and process conditions.
 12. A process for texturing a fiber,the steps comprising: (A) providing a first fiber, wherein the firstfiber is a multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and atleast one water dispersible polymer; and a plurality of domainscomprising one or more water non-dispersible polymers, wherein saiddomains are substantially isolated from each other by said waterdispersible polymer intervening between said domains; (B) providing asecond fiber; (C) passing the first fiber through a first processingzone, wherein the first processing zone comprises a heating device and atwisting zone, wherein the first fiber is heated, wherein the heatingtemperature of the first heating device is at least 10% less than thetemperature used for a fiber without the water dispersible componenthaving the same water non-dispersible polymer, same number of totalfilaments in the fiber, and the same total denier for a given type ofequipment and process conditions, wherein the twisting zone comprises atleast one friction disk; (D) passing the second fiber through a secondprocessing zone, wherein the second processing zone comprises a heatingdevice and a twisting zone wherein the second fiber is heated; and (E)combining the first fiber and the second fiber to make a yarn comprisingthe multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section and at least onewater dispersible polymer and the second fiber.
 13. The process of claim12, wherein the second fiber comprises a multicomponent fiber having ashaped cross section and at least one water dispersible polymer; and aplurality of domains comprising one or more water non-dispersiblepolymers, wherein said domains are substantially isolated from eachother by said water dispersible polymer intervening between saiddomains.
 14. The process of claim 12, wherein the second fiber isselected from the group consisting of cotton, linen, silk, sisal/grass,leather, acetate, acrylic, modacrylic, polylactide, saran, cellulosicfiber pulp, inorganic fibers, polyester fibers, nylon fibers, polyolefinfibers, rayon fibers, lyocell fibers, cellulose ester fibers,post-consumer recycled fibers, elastomeric fibers and combinationsthereof.
 15. The process of claim 12, wherein the first processing zonefurther comprises a cooling zone, and the step of passing themulticomponent fiber through the first processing zone further comprisescooling the multicomponent fiber.
 16. The process of claim 12, whereinthe second processing zone further comprises a cooling zone, and thestep of passing the multicomponent fiber through the second processingzone further comprises cooling the multicomponent fiber.
 17. The processof claim 1, further comprising a third fiber.